Abstract：With the rapid increasing aging population, the health problems of the elderly have drawn attention widely. Since physical activities of females are less than that of males, the elderly women are more likely to be obese, which leads to a series of chronic diseases. The body mass index(BMI) is a vital indicator to judge their health. Among the factors affecting the health of the elderly, built environment is significant. In the process of rapid urbanization, cities are facing various challenges such as population increase, industrial agglomeration and the dramatic growth of motor vehicles. Cities are confronting problems of open public space decline, shortage of connection between open spaces, lack of vital streets, poor accessibility and large scale of blocks. All these lead to shortage of appropriate space to meet the demand of the daily leisure and physical activities of the elderly. How built environment meets the needs of the elderly should be considered in urban planning and construction. Based on ordinal multi-classification regression model, this paper studies the impacts of built environment on the body mass(BMI) of the female elderly. The built environment factors including suitable physical activity places for recreation near residential areas, the distance of residence to the leisure physical activity place and the frequency of shopping, the availability of high calorie foods, have significant influence on the BMI of the elderly women. Although nearby shopping malls may promote the elderly women's waking behavior, it is more likely that they may consume more high calorie foods. Due to increasing consumption of high calorie foods, the risk of overweight or obesity of the elderly women may increase. Finally, from the perspectives of urban planning and design, this paper argues that the optimization of built environment is a basis for the age friendly healthy cities.
陈春, 塔吉努尔·海力力, 陈勇. 女性老年人肥胖的建成环境影响因素及规划响应研究[J]. 人文地理, 2018, 33(4): 76-81.
CHEN Chun, HAILILI Tajnur, CHEN Yong. BUILT ENVIRONMENT'S INFLUENCE ON OBESITY OF THE OLDER WOMEN AND ITS PLANNING RESPONSES. HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, 2018, 33(4): 76-81.
民政部.2016年社会服务发展统计公报[EB/OL].(2017-08-03)[2017-12-15]. http://www.mca.gov.cn/article/sj/tjgb/201708/20170-800005382.shtml.[Ministry of Civil Affairs of the People's Republic of China. Social service development statistics bulletin[EB/OL]. (2017-08-03)[2017-12-15]. http://www.mca.gov.cn/article/sj/tjgb/2-01708/20170800005382.shtml.]
[5]
Seguin R A, Epping J N, Buchner D M, et al. Growing stronger:Strength training for older adults[R/OL].(2002-07-05)[2017-12-15]. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/11447.
[10]
King W C, Belle S H, Brach J S, et al. Objective measures of neighborhood environment and physical activity in older women[J]. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2005,28(5):461-469.
[11]
Siu V W. Built environment and its influence on walking among older women:Use of standardized geographic units to define urban forms[J/OL].(2012-08-22)[2017-12-18]. Journal of Environment and Public Health, http://europepmc.org/backend/ptpmcrender.fcgi?accid=PMC3432378&blobtype=pdf.
[10]
King W C, Belle S H, Brach J S, et al. Objective measures of neighborhood environment and physical activity in older women[J]. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2005,28(5):461-469.
[11]
Siu V W. Built environment and its influence on walking among older women:Use of standardized geographic units to define urban forms[J/OL].(2012-08-22)[2017-12-18]. Journal of Environment and Public Health, http://europepmc.org/backend/ptpmcrender.fcgi?accid=PMC3432378&blobtype=pdf.
[2]
Rockhill B, Willett W C, Manson J, et al. Physical activity and mortality:A prospective study among women[J]. American Journal of Public Health, 2001,91(4):578-582.
[6]
Liu-Ambrose T, Khan K M, Eng J L, et al. Resistance and agility training reduce risk fall in women aged 75 to 85 with low bone mass:A 6-month, randomized, controlled trial[J]. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2004,52(5):657-665.
[12]
Nagel C L, Carlson N E, Bosworth M, et al. The relation between neighborhood built environment and walking activity among older adults[J]. American Journal of Epidemiology, 2008,168(4):461-468.
[12]
Nagel C L, Carlson N E, Bosworth M, et al. The relation between neighborhood built environment and walking activity among older adults[J]. American Journal of Epidemiology, 2008,168(4):461-468.
[3]
Rica R L, Carneiro R M M, Serra A J, et al. Effects of water-based exercise in obese older women:Impact of a short-term follow-up study on anthropometric functional fitness and quality of life parameters[J]. Geriatrics & Gerontology International, 2013,13(1):209-214.
[7]
Tinetti M E, Kumar C. The patient who falls:It's always a trade-off[J]. Journal of the American Medical Association, 2010,303(3):258-266.
[13]
Berke E M, Koepsell T D, Moudon A V, et al. Association of the built environment with physical activity and obesity in older persons[J]. American Journal of Public Health, 2007,97(3):486-492.
[13]
Berke E M, Koepsell T D, Moudon A V, et al. Association of the built environment with physical activity and obesity in older persons[J]. American Journal of Public Health, 2007,97(3):486-492.
[4]
Bruce D G, Devine A, Prince R L. Recreational physical activity levels in healthy older women:The importance of fear of falling[J]. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2002,50(1):84-89.
[8]
Giuliano G, Hu H H, Lee K. Travel patterns of the elderly:The role of land use[R]. METRANS Transportation Center, 2003.
[14]
Li F, Harmer P, Cardinal B J, et al. Built environment and 1-year change in weight and waist circumference in middle-aged and older adults:Portland neighborhood environment and health study[J]. American Journal of Epidemiology, 2009,169(4):401-408.
[14]
Li F, Harmer P, Cardinal B J, et al. Built environment and 1-year change in weight and waist circumference in middle-aged and older adults:Portland neighborhood environment and health study[J]. American Journal of Epidemiology, 2009,169(4):401-408.
[5]
Seguin R A, Epping J N, Buchner D M, et al. Growing stronger:Strength training for older adults[R/OL].(2002-07-05)[2017-12-15]. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/11447.
[9]
Rodriguez D A, Evenson K R, Diez Roux A V, et al. Land use, residential density, and walking:The multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis[J]. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2009,37(5):397-404.
[15]
Li F, Harmer P A, Cardinal B J, et al. Built environment, adiposity, and physical activity in adults aged 50-75[J]. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2008,35(1):38-46.
[15]
Li F, Harmer P A, Cardinal B J, et al. Built environment, adiposity, and physical activity in adults aged 50-75[J]. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2008,35(1):38-46.
[6]
Liu-Ambrose T, Khan K M, Eng J L, et al. Resistance and agility training reduce risk fall in women aged 75 to 85 with low bone mass:A 6-month, randomized, controlled trial[J]. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2004,52(5):657-665.
[10]
King W C, Belle S H, Brach J S, et al. Objective measures of neighborhood environment and physical activity in older women[J]. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2005,28(5):461-469.
[11]
Siu V W. Built environment and its influence on walking among older women:Use of standardized geographic units to define urban forms[J/OL].(2012-08-22)[2017-12-18]. Journal of Environment and Public Health, http://europepmc.org/backend/ptpmcrender.fcgi?accid=PMC3432378&blobtype=pdf.
[16]
Grafova I B, Freedman V A, Kumar R, et al. Neighborhoods and obesity in later life[J]. American Journal of Public Health, 2008,98(11):2065-2071.
[16]
Grafova I B, Freedman V A, Kumar R, et al. Neighborhoods and obesity in later life[J]. American Journal of Public Health, 2008,98(11):2065-2071.
[7]
Tinetti M E, Kumar C. The patient who falls:It's always a trade-off[J]. Journal of the American Medical Association, 2010,303(3):258-266.
[12]
Nagel C L, Carlson N E, Bosworth M, et al. The relation between neighborhood built environment and walking activity among older adults[J]. American Journal of Epidemiology, 2008,168(4):461-468.
[17]
Bird S, Kurowski W, Feldman S, et al. The influence of the built environment and other factors on the physical activity of older women from different ethnic communities[J]. Journal of Women & Aging, 2009,21(1):33-47.
[17]
Bird S, Kurowski W, Feldman S, et al. The influence of the built environment and other factors on the physical activity of older women from different ethnic communities[J]. Journal of Women & Aging, 2009,21(1):33-47.
[8]
Giuliano G, Hu H H, Lee K. Travel patterns of the elderly:The role of land use[R]. METRANS Transportation Center, 2003.
[13]
Berke E M, Koepsell T D, Moudon A V, et al. Association of the built environment with physical activity and obesity in older persons[J]. American Journal of Public Health, 2007,97(3):486-492.
[18]
King A C, Castro C, Wilcox S, et al. Personal and environmental factors associated with physical inactivity among different racialethnic groups of U.S. middle-aged and older-aged women[J]. Health Psychology, 2000,19(4):354-364.
[18]
King A C, Castro C, Wilcox S, et al. Personal and environmental factors associated with physical inactivity among different racialethnic groups of U.S. middle-aged and older-aged women[J]. Health Psychology, 2000,19(4):354-364.
[9]
Rodriguez D A, Evenson K R, Diez Roux A V, et al. Land use, residential density, and walking:The multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis[J]. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2009,37(5):397-404.
[14]
Li F, Harmer P, Cardinal B J, et al. Built environment and 1-year change in weight and waist circumference in middle-aged and older adults:Portland neighborhood environment and health study[J]. American Journal of Epidemiology, 2009,169(4):401-408.
[19]
Wilcox S, Oberrecht L, Bopp M, et al. A qualitative study of exercise in older African American and white women in rural South Carolina:Perceptions, barriers, and motivations[J]. Journal of Women & Aging, 2005,17(1):37-51.
[19]
Wilcox S, Oberrecht L, Bopp M, et al. A qualitative study of exercise in older African American and white women in rural South Carolina:Perceptions, barriers, and motivations[J]. Journal of Women & Aging, 2005,17(1):37-51.
[10]
King W C, Belle S H, Brach J S, et al. Objective measures of neighborhood environment and physical activity in older women[J]. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2005,28(5):461-469.
[11]
Siu V W. Built environment and its influence on walking among older women:Use of standardized geographic units to define urban forms[J/OL].(2012-08-22)[2017-12-18]. Journal of Environment and Public Health, http://europepmc.org/backend/ptpmcrender.fcgi?accid=PMC3432378&blobtype=pdf.
[15]
Li F, Harmer P A, Cardinal B J, et al. Built environment, adiposity, and physical activity in adults aged 50-75[J]. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2008,35(1):38-46.
[20]
Lee C. Attitudes, knowledge, and stages of change:A survey of exercise patterns in older Australian women[J]. Health Psychology, 1993,12(6):476-480.
[20]
Lee C. Attitudes, knowledge, and stages of change:A survey of exercise patterns in older Australian women[J]. Health Psychology, 1993,12(6):476-480.
[12]
Nagel C L, Carlson N E, Bosworth M, et al. The relation between neighborhood built environment and walking activity among older adults[J]. American Journal of Epidemiology, 2008,168(4):461-468.
[16]
Grafova I B, Freedman V A, Kumar R, et al. Neighborhoods and obesity in later life[J]. American Journal of Public Health, 2008,98(11):2065-2071.
[21]
Conn V S, Tripp-Reimer T, Maas M L. Older women and exercise:Theory of planned behavior beliefs[J]. Public Health Nursing, 2003, 20(2):153-163.
[21]
Conn V S, Tripp-Reimer T, Maas M L. Older women and exercise:Theory of planned behavior beliefs[J]. Public Health Nursing, 2003, 20(2):153-163.
[13]
Berke E M, Koepsell T D, Moudon A V, et al. Association of the built environment with physical activity and obesity in older persons[J]. American Journal of Public Health, 2007,97(3):486-492.
[17]
Bird S, Kurowski W, Feldman S, et al. The influence of the built environment and other factors on the physical activity of older women from different ethnic communities[J]. Journal of Women & Aging, 2009,21(1):33-47.
[22]
Samina R, Li Y, James R, et al. Food environment, built environment, and women's BMI:Evidence from Erie County, New York[J]. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 2010,29(4):444-460.
[22]
Samina R, Li Y, James R, et al. Food environment, built environment, and women's BMI:Evidence from Erie County, New York[J]. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 2010,29(4):444-460.
[14]
Li F, Harmer P, Cardinal B J, et al. Built environment and 1-year change in weight and waist circumference in middle-aged and older adults:Portland neighborhood environment and health study[J]. American Journal of Epidemiology, 2009,169(4):401-408.
[18]
King A C, Castro C, Wilcox S, et al. Personal and environmental factors associated with physical inactivity among different racialethnic groups of U.S. middle-aged and older-aged women[J]. Health Psychology, 2000,19(4):354-364.
[23]
Gallagher M. Examining the impact of food deserts on public health in Chicago:Evidence and assumptions in health policy making[EB/OL].(2009-08-30)[2017-12-16]. https://www.mendeley.com/research-papers/examining-impact-food-deserts-public-healthchicagoevidence-assumptions-health-policy-making/.
[23]
Gallagher M. Examining the impact of food deserts on public health in Chicago:Evidence and assumptions in health policy making[EB/OL].(2009-08-30)[2017-12-16]. https://www.mendeley.com/research-papers/examining-impact-food-deserts-public-healthchicagoevidence-assumptions-health-policy-making/.
[15]
Li F, Harmer P A, Cardinal B J, et al. Built environment, adiposity, and physical activity in adults aged 50-75[J]. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2008,35(1):38-46.
[19]
Wilcox S, Oberrecht L, Bopp M, et al. A qualitative study of exercise in older African American and white women in rural South Carolina:Perceptions, barriers, and motivations[J]. Journal of Women & Aging, 2005,17(1):37-51.
[24]
Brug J, Lenthe F J, Kremers S P J. Revisiting Kurt Lewin:How to gain insight into environmental correlates of obesogenic behaviors[J]. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2006,31(6):525-529.
[24]
Brug J, Lenthe F J, Kremers S P J. Revisiting Kurt Lewin:How to gain insight into environmental correlates of obesogenic behaviors[J]. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2006,31(6):525-529.
[16]
Grafova I B, Freedman V A, Kumar R, et al. Neighborhoods and obesity in later life[J]. American Journal of Public Health, 2008,98(11):2065-2071.
[20]
Lee C. Attitudes, knowledge, and stages of change:A survey of exercise patterns in older Australian women[J]. Health Psychology, 1993,12(6):476-480.
[25]
Morland K, Diez R A, Wing S. Supermarkets, other food stores, and obesity:The atherosclerosis risk in communities study[J]. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2006,30(4):333-339.
[25]
Morland K, Diez R A, Wing S. Supermarkets, other food stores, and obesity:The atherosclerosis risk in communities study[J]. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2006,30(4):333-339.
[17]
Bird S, Kurowski W, Feldman S, et al. The influence of the built environment and other factors on the physical activity of older women from different ethnic communities[J]. Journal of Women & Aging, 2009,21(1):33-47.
[21]
Conn V S, Tripp-Reimer T, Maas M L. Older women and exercise:Theory of planned behavior beliefs[J]. Public Health Nursing, 2003, 20(2):153-163.
[26]
Alter D A, Eny K, The relationship between the supply of fast-food chains and cardiovascular outcomes[J]. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 2005,96(3):173-177.
[26]
Alter D A, Eny K, The relationship between the supply of fast-food chains and cardiovascular outcomes[J]. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 2005,96(3):173-177.
[18]
King A C, Castro C, Wilcox S, et al. Personal and environmental factors associated with physical inactivity among different racialethnic groups of U.S. middle-aged and older-aged women[J]. Health Psychology, 2000,19(4):354-364.
[22]
Samina R, Li Y, James R, et al. Food environment, built environment, and women's BMI:Evidence from Erie County, New York[J]. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 2010,29(4):444-460.
[27]
Maddock J. The relationship between obesity and the prevalence of fast food restaurants:State-level analysis[J]. American Journal of Health Promotion, 2004,19(2):137-143.
[27]
Maddock J. The relationship between obesity and the prevalence of fast food restaurants:State-level analysis[J]. American Journal of Health Promotion, 2004,19(2):137-143.
[28]
鲁斐栋,谭少华.建成环境对体力活动的影响研究:进展与思考[J]. 国际城市规划,2015,30(2):62-70.[Lu Feidong, Tan Shaohua. Built environment's influence on physical activity:Review and thought[J]. Urban Planning International, 2015,30(2):62-70.]
[28]
鲁斐栋,谭少华.建成环境对体力活动的影响研究:进展与思考[J]. 国际城市规划,2015,30(2):62-70.[Lu Feidong, Tan Shaohua. Built environment's influence on physical activity:Review and thought[J]. Urban Planning International, 2015,30(2):62-70.]
[29]
宋彦,李青,王竹影.老年人休闲性体力活动相关城市建成环境的研究[J].中国老年学杂志,2016,36(10):2551-2553.[Song Yan, Li Qing, Wang Zhuying. Study on urban built environment of elderly people with leisure physical activity[J]. Chinese Journal of Gerontology, 2016,36(10):2551-2553.]
[29]
宋彦,李青,王竹影.老年人休闲性体力活动相关城市建成环境的研究[J].中国老年学杂志,2016,36(10):2551-2553.[Song Yan, Li Qing, Wang Zhuying. Study on urban built environment of elderly people with leisure physical activity[J]. Chinese Journal of Gerontology, 2016,36(10):2551-2553.]
[30]
吴轶辉,王杰龙.建成环境对老年人休闲性体力活动影响综述[J]. 中国运动医学杂志,2016,35(11):1074-1082.[Wu Yihui, Wang Jielong. An overview of the impact of the built environment on the leisure physical activity of the elderly[J]. Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine, 2016,35(11):1074-1082.]
[30]
吴轶辉,王杰龙.建成环境对老年人休闲性体力活动影响综述[J]. 中国运动医学杂志,2016,35(11):1074-1082.[Wu Yihui, Wang Jielong. An overview of the impact of the built environment on the leisure physical activity of the elderly[J]. Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine, 2016,35(11):1074-1082.]
[31]
黄建中,胡刚钰,李敏.城市建成环境与老年人移动性衰退相互关系研究回顾与展望[J].华中建筑,2017,35(6):102-107.[Huang Jianzhong, Hu Gangyu, Li Min. Review and prospect of the relationship between urban built-up environment and mobility decline of the elderly[J]. Huazhong Architecture, 2017,35(6):102-107.]
[31]
黄建中,胡刚钰,李敏.城市建成环境与老年人移动性衰退相互关系研究回顾与展望[J].华中建筑,2017,35(6):102-107.[Huang Jianzhong, Hu Gangyu, Li Min. Review and prospect of the relationship between urban built-up environment and mobility decline of the elderly[J]. Huazhong Architecture, 2017,35(6):102-107.]
[32]
孙斌栋,阎宏,张婷麟.社区建成环境对健康的影响——基于居民个体超重的实证研究[J].地理学报,2016,71(10):1721-1730.[Sun Bindong, Yan Hong, Zhang Tinglin. Impact of community built environment on residents' health:A case study on individual overweight[J]. Aata Geographic Sinica, 2016,71(10):1721-1730.]
[32]
孙斌栋,阎宏,张婷麟.社区建成环境对健康的影响——基于居民个体超重的实证研究[J].地理学报,2016,71(10):1721-1730.[Sun Bindong, Yan Hong, Zhang Tinglin. Impact of community built environment on residents' health:A case study on individual overweight[J]. Aata Geographic Sinica, 2016,71(10):1721-1730.]
[33]
陈春,陈勇,于立,等.为健康城市而规划:建成环境与老年人身体健康质量指数关系研究[J].城市发展研究,2017,24(4):15-21.[Chen Chun, Chen Yong, Yu Li, et al. Planning for healthy city:The influence of the built environment on the body mass index of the elderly[J]. Urban Development Studies, 2017,24(4):15-21.]
[33]
陈春,陈勇,于立,等.为健康城市而规划:建成环境与老年人身体健康质量指数关系研究[J].城市发展研究,2017,24(4):15-21.[Chen Chun, Chen Yong, Yu Li, et al. Planning for healthy city:The influence of the built environment on the body mass index of the elderly[J]. Urban Development Studies, 2017,24(4):15-21.]
[19]
Wilcox S, Oberrecht L, Bopp M, et al. A qualitative study of exercise in older African American and white women in rural South Carolina:Perceptions, barriers, and motivations[J]. Journal of Women & Aging, 2005,17(1):37-51.
[23]
Gallagher M. Examining the impact of food deserts on public health in Chicago:Evidence and assumptions in health policy making[EB/OL].(2009-08-30)[2017-12-16]. https://www.mendeley.com/research-papers/examining-impact-food-deserts-public-healthchicagoevidence-assumptions-health-policy-making/.
[34]
张清华.建成环境对老年人休闲性体力活动影响的Meta分析[J]. 体育研究与教育,2017(2):95-102.[Zhang Qinghua. Meta analysis of the influence of built environment on the leisure physical activity of the elderly[J]. Sports Rresearch and Education, 2017(2):95-102.]
[34]
张清华.建成环境对老年人休闲性体力活动影响的Meta分析[J]. 体育研究与教育,2017(2):95-102.[Zhang Qinghua. Meta analysis of the influence of built environment on the leisure physical activity of the elderly[J]. Sports Rresearch and Education, 2017(2):95-102.]
[35]
冯建喜,黄旭,汤爽爽.客观与主观建成环境对老年人不同体力活动影响机制研究——以南京市为例[J].上海城市规划,2017(3):38-43.[Feng Jianxi, Huang Xu, Tang Shuangshuang. A study on the influence mechanism of objective and subjective built environment on different physical activities of the elderly:A case of Nanjing[J]. Shanghai Urban Planning, 2017(3):38-43.]
[35]
冯建喜,黄旭,汤爽爽.客观与主观建成环境对老年人不同体力活动影响机制研究——以南京市为例[J].上海城市规划,2017(3):38-43.[Feng Jianxi, Huang Xu, Tang Shuangshuang. A study on the influence mechanism of objective and subjective built environment on different physical activities of the elderly:A case of Nanjing[J]. Shanghai Urban Planning, 2017(3):38-43.]
[36]
王丽岩,冯宁,王洪彪,等.中老年人邻里建成环境的感知与体力活动的关系[J].沈阳体育学院学报,2017,36(2):67-71,84.[Wang Liyan, Feng Ning, Wang Hongbiao, et al. Relationship between perceived neighborhood built environment and physical activities of the elderly[J]. Journal of Shenyang Sport University, 2017,36(2):67-71,84.]
[36]
王丽岩,冯宁,王洪彪,等.中老年人邻里建成环境的感知与体力活动的关系[J].沈阳体育学院学报,2017,36(2):67-71,84.[Wang Liyan, Feng Ning, Wang Hongbiao, et al. Relationship between perceived neighborhood built environment and physical activities of the elderly[J]. Journal of Shenyang Sport University, 2017,36(2):67-71,84.]
[37]
刘向东,张锋,洪思征.中老年人体力活动建成环境影响因素的meta分析[J].中国老年学杂志,2017,37(8):24-29.[Liu Xiangdong, Zhang Feng, Hong Sizheng. Meta analysis of the environmental impact factors of physical activity in middle-aged and old people[J]. Chinese Journal of Gerontology, 2017,37(8):24-29.]
[37]
刘向东,张锋,洪思征.中老年人体力活动建成环境影响因素的meta分析[J].中国老年学杂志,2017,37(8):24-29.[Liu Xiangdong, Zhang Feng, Hong Sizheng. Meta analysis of the environmental impact factors of physical activity in middle-aged and old people[J]. Chinese Journal of Gerontology, 2017,37(8):24-29.]
[20]
Lee C. Attitudes, knowledge, and stages of change:A survey of exercise patterns in older Australian women[J]. Health Psychology, 1993,12(6):476-480.
[24]
Brug J, Lenthe F J, Kremers S P J. Revisiting Kurt Lewin:How to gain insight into environmental correlates of obesogenic behaviors[J]. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2006,31(6):525-529.
[21]
Conn V S, Tripp-Reimer T, Maas M L. Older women and exercise:Theory of planned behavior beliefs[J]. Public Health Nursing, 2003, 20(2):153-163.
[25]
Morland K, Diez R A, Wing S. Supermarkets, other food stores, and obesity:The atherosclerosis risk in communities study[J]. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2006,30(4):333-339.
[22]
Samina R, Li Y, James R, et al. Food environment, built environment, and women's BMI:Evidence from Erie County, New York[J]. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 2010,29(4):444-460.
[26]
Alter D A, Eny K, The relationship between the supply of fast-food chains and cardiovascular outcomes[J]. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 2005,96(3):173-177.
[23]
Gallagher M. Examining the impact of food deserts on public health in Chicago:Evidence and assumptions in health policy making[EB/OL].(2009-08-30)[2017-12-16]. https://www.mendeley.com/research-papers/examining-impact-food-deserts-public-healthchicagoevidence-assumptions-health-policy-making/.
[27]
Maddock J. The relationship between obesity and the prevalence of fast food restaurants:State-level analysis[J]. American Journal of Health Promotion, 2004,19(2):137-143.
[28]
鲁斐栋,谭少华.建成环境对体力活动的影响研究:进展与思考[J]. 国际城市规划,2015,30(2):62-70.[Lu Feidong, Tan Shaohua. Built environment's influence on physical activity:Review and thought[J]. Urban Planning International, 2015,30(2):62-70.]
[29]
宋彦,李青,王竹影.老年人休闲性体力活动相关城市建成环境的研究[J].中国老年学杂志,2016,36(10):2551-2553.[Song Yan, Li Qing, Wang Zhuying. Study on urban built environment of elderly people with leisure physical activity[J]. Chinese Journal of Gerontology, 2016,36(10):2551-2553.]
[30]
吴轶辉,王杰龙.建成环境对老年人休闲性体力活动影响综述[J]. 中国运动医学杂志,2016,35(11):1074-1082.[Wu Yihui, Wang Jielong. An overview of the impact of the built environment on the leisure physical activity of the elderly[J]. Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine, 2016,35(11):1074-1082.]
[31]
黄建中,胡刚钰,李敏.城市建成环境与老年人移动性衰退相互关系研究回顾与展望[J].华中建筑,2017,35(6):102-107.[Huang Jianzhong, Hu Gangyu, Li Min. Review and prospect of the relationship between urban built-up environment and mobility decline of the elderly[J]. Huazhong Architecture, 2017,35(6):102-107.]
[32]
孙斌栋,阎宏,张婷麟.社区建成环境对健康的影响——基于居民个体超重的实证研究[J].地理学报,2016,71(10):1721-1730.[Sun Bindong, Yan Hong, Zhang Tinglin. Impact of community built environment on residents' health:A case study on individual overweight[J]. Aata Geographic Sinica, 2016,71(10):1721-1730.]
[33]
陈春,陈勇,于立,等.为健康城市而规划:建成环境与老年人身体健康质量指数关系研究[J].城市发展研究,2017,24(4):15-21.[Chen Chun, Chen Yong, Yu Li, et al. Planning for healthy city:The influence of the built environment on the body mass index of the elderly[J]. Urban Development Studies, 2017,24(4):15-21.]
[34]
张清华.建成环境对老年人休闲性体力活动影响的Meta分析[J]. 体育研究与教育,2017(2):95-102.[Zhang Qinghua. Meta analysis of the influence of built environment on the leisure physical activity of the elderly[J]. Sports Rresearch and Education, 2017(2):95-102.]
[35]
冯建喜,黄旭,汤爽爽.客观与主观建成环境对老年人不同体力活动影响机制研究——以南京市为例[J].上海城市规划,2017(3):38-43.[Feng Jianxi, Huang Xu, Tang Shuangshuang. A study on the influence mechanism of objective and subjective built environment on different physical activities of the elderly:A case of Nanjing[J]. Shanghai Urban Planning, 2017(3):38-43.]
[36]
王丽岩,冯宁,王洪彪,等.中老年人邻里建成环境的感知与体力活动的关系[J].沈阳体育学院学报,2017,36(2):67-71,84.[Wang Liyan, Feng Ning, Wang Hongbiao, et al. Relationship between perceived neighborhood built environment and physical activities of the elderly[J]. Journal of Shenyang Sport University, 2017,36(2):67-71,84.]
[37]
刘向东,张锋,洪思征.中老年人体力活动建成环境影响因素的meta分析[J].中国老年学杂志,2017,37(8):24-29.[Liu Xiangdong, Zhang Feng, Hong Sizheng. Meta analysis of the environmental impact factors of physical activity in middle-aged and old people[J]. Chinese Journal of Gerontology, 2017,37(8):24-29.]
[24]
Brug J, Lenthe F J, Kremers S P J. Revisiting Kurt Lewin:How to gain insight into environmental correlates of obesogenic behaviors[J]. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2006,31(6):525-529.
[25]
Morland K, Diez R A, Wing S. Supermarkets, other food stores, and obesity:The atherosclerosis risk in communities study[J]. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2006,30(4):333-339.
[26]
Alter D A, Eny K, The relationship between the supply of fast-food chains and cardiovascular outcomes[J]. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 2005,96(3):173-177.
[27]
Maddock J. The relationship between obesity and the prevalence of fast food restaurants:State-level analysis[J]. American Journal of Health Promotion, 2004,19(2):137-143.
[28]
鲁斐栋,谭少华.建成环境对体力活动的影响研究:进展与思考[J]. 国际城市规划,2015,30(2):62-70.[Lu Feidong, Tan Shaohua. Built environment's influence on physical activity:Review and thought[J]. Urban Planning International, 2015,30(2):62-70.]
[29]
宋彦,李青,王竹影.老年人休闲性体力活动相关城市建成环境的研究[J].中国老年学杂志,2016,36(10):2551-2553.[Song Yan, Li Qing, Wang Zhuying. Study on urban built environment of elderly people with leisure physical activity[J]. Chinese Journal of Gerontology, 2016,36(10):2551-2553.]
[30]
吴轶辉,王杰龙.建成环境对老年人休闲性体力活动影响综述[J]. 中国运动医学杂志,2016,35(11):1074-1082.[Wu Yihui, Wang Jielong. An overview of the impact of the built environment on the leisure physical activity of the elderly[J]. Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine, 2016,35(11):1074-1082.]
[31]
黄建中,胡刚钰,李敏.城市建成环境与老年人移动性衰退相互关系研究回顾与展望[J].华中建筑,2017,35(6):102-107.[Huang Jianzhong, Hu Gangyu, Li Min. Review and prospect of the relationship between urban built-up environment and mobility decline of the elderly[J]. Huazhong Architecture, 2017,35(6):102-107.]
[32]
孙斌栋,阎宏,张婷麟.社区建成环境对健康的影响——基于居民个体超重的实证研究[J].地理学报,2016,71(10):1721-1730.[Sun Bindong, Yan Hong, Zhang Tinglin. Impact of community built environment on residents' health:A case study on individual overweight[J]. Aata Geographic Sinica, 2016,71(10):1721-1730.]
[33]
陈春,陈勇,于立,等.为健康城市而规划:建成环境与老年人身体健康质量指数关系研究[J].城市发展研究,2017,24(4):15-21.[Chen Chun, Chen Yong, Yu Li, et al. Planning for healthy city:The influence of the built environment on the body mass index of the elderly[J]. Urban Development Studies, 2017,24(4):15-21.]
[34]
张清华.建成环境对老年人休闲性体力活动影响的Meta分析[J]. 体育研究与教育,2017(2):95-102.[Zhang Qinghua. Meta analysis of the influence of built environment on the leisure physical activity of the elderly[J]. Sports Rresearch and Education, 2017(2):95-102.]
[35]
冯建喜,黄旭,汤爽爽.客观与主观建成环境对老年人不同体力活动影响机制研究——以南京市为例[J].上海城市规划,2017(3):38-43.[Feng Jianxi, Huang Xu, Tang Shuangshuang. A study on the influence mechanism of objective and subjective built environment on different physical activities of the elderly:A case of Nanjing[J]. Shanghai Urban Planning, 2017(3):38-43.]
[36]
王丽岩,冯宁,王洪彪,等.中老年人邻里建成环境的感知与体力活动的关系[J].沈阳体育学院学报,2017,36(2):67-71,84.[Wang Liyan, Feng Ning, Wang Hongbiao, et al. Relationship between perceived neighborhood built environment and physical activities of the elderly[J]. Journal of Shenyang Sport University, 2017,36(2):67-71,84.]
[37]
刘向东,张锋,洪思征.中老年人体力活动建成环境影响因素的meta分析[J].中国老年学杂志,2017,37(8):24-29.[Liu Xiangdong, Zhang Feng, Hong Sizheng. Meta analysis of the environmental impact factors of physical activity in middle-aged and old people[J]. Chinese Journal of Gerontology, 2017,37(8):24-29.]
