从国家间到多尺度的政治地理学：日本的历程与启示

doi:10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2019.01.002

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摘要二战后日本政治地理学经历了盛极而衰之后再起步的曲折历程，政治地理学一度成为日本地理学中最不活跃的分支学科，也少有学者出席相关的学术活动。但是，20世纪90年代以后，这种状况发生了转变，政治地理学在日本再度兴起。本文通过分析在日本政治地理学相关出版物的变化，考察了二战结束以来政治地理学在日本复兴并被重新建构的过程。研究发现，与地缘政治和领土相关的出版物在日本比较多，经历了两个高峰，而最近又处于增长趋势。政治地理学在此期间经历了由国家间地缘政治向多尺度的政治地理学的转变。基于日本政治地理学的发展历程，本文认为，未来包括中日韩在内的东亚政治地理学的发展尤其要重视以下三点：一是要注重东方国家政治地理学的独特性；二是要警惕回归到作为治国方略的古典地缘政治学的危险性；三是要充分认识多尺度视角的重要意义。本文认为，这三方面的努力，将有可能使东亚政治地理学为当代世界政治地图的领域性和复杂性理解做出独有的贡献。

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关键词 ：政治地理学, 地缘政治, 国家间, 多尺度, 日本

Abstract：The postwar histories of political geography in Japan in particular are not necessarily prominent. Political geography had basically been one of the most inactive sub-fields in postwar Japanese geographywith a limited number of scholars and published works. This, however, is not necessarily the case now. Political geography is a reemerging field in Japan. In this paper, by specifying general trends in the publication on political geography and geopolitics, the authors first illustrates how political geography has been reemerging and critically reconstructed in Japan since the beginning of the 1990sto show its prewar involvement in classical geopolitics and postwar "slow" development of renewed political geography. From this comparison, they identifies recent parallel rise of publication on geopolitics and territory and proposes three future research orientations in political geographies of East Asia-the necessity of critical reflection on the historical development of political geography rooted in the 19th century, the danger of returning straight to classical geopolitics as an art for statecraft, and the significance of multi-scalar perspectives. They conclude that without these orientations it would be difficult to elucidate the spatiality, territoriality, and complexity of the contemporary world political map.

Key words： political geography geopolitics inter-state multi-scalar Japan

收稿日期: 2018-11-06

PACS:

K901.4

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目（41571130，41271165）

通讯作者: 刘云刚(1973-),内蒙古人,博士,教授,主要研究方向为城市地理学、政治地理学、生活空间论。E-mail:ygliujp@163.com。 E-mail: ygliujp@163.com

作者简介: 山崎孝史(Takashi Yamazaki,1961-),日本京都人,博士,教授,IGU政治地理委员会前主席,主要研究方向为政治地理理论、冲绳研究。E-mail:yamataka@lit.osaka-cu.ac.jp。

引用本文:

山崎孝史, 刘云刚. 从国家间到多尺度的政治地理学：日本的历程与启示[J]. 人文地理, 2019, 34(1): 9-13,19. Takashi Yamazaki, LIU Yun-gang. FROM INTER-STATE TO MULTI-SCALAR POLITICAL GEOGRAPHIES: A JAPANESE PERSPECTIVE. HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, 2019, 34(1): 9-13,19.

链接本文:

http://rwdl.xisu.edu.cn/CN/10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2019.01.002 或 http://rwdl.xisu.edu.cn/CN/Y2019/V34/I1/9

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