中国妇女发展脆弱性：测度、时空演化及驱动机制

曾通刚; 赵媛; 杨永春; 贺容

doi:10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2019.05.005

PDF(2042 KB)

人文地理 ›› 2019, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (5) : 36-43. DOI: 10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2019.05.005

社会

中国妇女发展脆弱性：测度、时空演化及驱动机制

曾通刚¹, 赵媛², 杨永春¹, 贺容³

作者信息 +

WOMEN'S VULNERABILITY IN CHINA: MEASUREMENT, SPACE-TIME EVOLUTION AND DRIVING MECHANISM

ZENG Tong-gang¹, ZHAO Yuan², YANG Yong-chun¹, HE Rong³

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

借鉴人类发展指数（HDI），从健康、教育及就业三大维度构建中国妇女发展脆弱性评估模型。以妇女发展脆弱性指数为测度指标，运用变异系数、LISA时间路径和时空跃迁等方法，对2006—2016年中国妇女发展状况的区域差异、空间分布和时空交互特征进行分析，并利用计量经济学模型探讨其影响机制。结果表明：①2006—2016年，中国妇女发展脆弱性总体上呈下降趋势，区域差异在波动中逐渐扩大。在区域尺度上，东部地区较低，中部和东北地区次之，西部地区最高。东部地区内部差异显著，呈现两极化；②脆弱性类型以低和较低脆弱类型为主，大致以“胡焕庸线”为界，西北半壁妇女发展脆弱性显著偏高；③中国妇女发展脆弱性空间分布具有较强的稳定性，存在一定的路径依赖和空间锁定特征。相对长度由东部沿海向西北内陆及西南地区递增，弯曲度表现出相似的空间分异特征；④妇女发展脆弱性是多因素交互作用的结果。经济发展水平、城镇化、全球化和教育事业发展对于降低妇女发展脆弱性具有积极作用。政府行为的驱动效应对脆弱性存在抑制作用，但未通过显著性检验。

Abstract

It has become an important task for China to integrate gender consciousness into the mainstream of social development and decision-making, optimize the environment for women's development, and striving for the all-round development of women to complete the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects. Based on human development index (HDI), this paper constructs a vulnerability assessment model of Chinese women's development from three dimensions of health, education and employment. Taking the developmental vulnerability of women as a measure, the regional differences, spatial distribution and spatiotemporal interaction characteristics of Chinese women's survival and development level from 2006 to 2016 were analyzed by using the research methods of variation coefficient, LISA time path and spatio-temporal transition. The results are summarized as follows:1) The fragility of women's development in China showed a downward trend. Whereas the Eastern China with significant internal differences and showing polarization; 2) Mainly in lowest and lower vulnerability types, which the combined ratio of the two is close to or more than 50%. 3) The relative length increases from the eastern coast to the northwest inland and southwest, and the curvature shows similar spatial differentiation; 4) The development vulnerability of Chinese women is the result of multi-factor interaction.

导出引用

曾通刚, 赵媛, 杨永春, 贺容. 中国妇女发展脆弱性：测度、时空演化及驱动机制[J]. 人文地理. 2019, 34(5): 36-43 https://doi.org/10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2019.05.005

ZENG Tong-gang, ZHAO Yuan, YANG Yong-chun, HE Rong. WOMEN'S VULNERABILITY IN CHINA: MEASUREMENT, SPACE-TIME EVOLUTION AND DRIVING MECHANISM[J]. HUMAN GEOGRAPHY. 2019, 34(5): 36-43 https://doi.org/10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2019.05.005

中图分类号： C912.8

参考文献

[1] 刘亚玫,张永英,杨玉静,等.论习近平总书记关于新时代妇女发展和妇女工作重要论述的科学内涵[J].妇女研究论丛,2018(5):9-20.[Liu Yamei, Zhang Yongying, Yang Yujing, et al. Scientific gist of secretary general Xi Jinping's discussion on women's development and women's work in the New Era[J]. Collection of Women's Studies, 2018(5):9-20.]
[2] 李英桃.构建性别平等的人类命运共同体:关于原则与路径的思考[J].妇女研究论丛,2018(2):11-14.[Li Yingtao. Building a gendered equitable human society:Core principles and the path[J]. Collection of Women's Studies, 2018(2):11-14.]
[3] Marini M M, Fan P L, Finley E, et al. Gender and job values[J]. Sociology of Education, 1996,69(1):49-65.
[4] Devries K, Watts C, Yoshihama M, et al. Violence against women is strongly associated with suicide attempts:Evidence from the WHO multi-country study on women's health and domestic violence against women[J]. Social Science & Medicine, 2011,73(1):79-86.
[5] Shenk D, Kuwahara K, Zablotsky D. Older women's attachments to their home and possessions[J]. Journal of Aging Studies, 2004,18(2):157-169.
[6] 赵媛,杨孝丽,郝丽莎.中国女性社会科学研究人才的学科及空间分异研究——基于2000-2015年国家社科基金项目[J].干旱区地理,2016,39(6):1350-1357.[Zhao Yuan, Yang Xiaoli, Hao Lisha. Differentiations of subject distribution and regional distribution of Chinese female social science talents:Based on National Social Science Fund Projects 2000-2015[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2016,39(6):1350-1357.]
[7] 姚华松,黄耿志,薛德升.国内外女性主义地理学研究述评[J].人文地理,2017,32(2):9-15.[Yao Huasong, Huang Gengzhi, Xue Desheng. Reviews on feminist geographyical studies[J]. Human Geography, 2017,32(2):9-15.]
[8] 杨菊华,王苏苏.国际组织性别平等指数及其对中国的启示[J].妇女研究论丛,2018(4):5-18.[Yang Juhua, Wang Susu. Gender equality indexes by international organizations and their implications for China[J]. Collection of Women's Studies, 2018(4):5-18.]
[9] 刘爽.运用人口学指标衡量和比较妇女地位初探[J].人口研究, 1993,17(1):35-40.[Liu Shuang. A preliminary study on using demographic indicators to measure and compare the status of women[J]. Population Research, 1993,17(1):35-40.]
[10] 崔凤垣,程深.妇女地位研究方法新探——性别平等发展指数[J]. 妇女研究论丛,1997(1):9-13.[Cui Fengyuan, Cheng Shen. A new probe into the research methods of women's status with gender equality development index[J]. Collection of Women's Studies, 1997(1):9-13.]
[11] 彭希哲,王禄宁,何圣.运用妇女发展指标推动妇女发展[J].妇女研究论丛,2004(6):5-10.[Peng Xizhe, Wang Luning, He Sheng. Using women development index to promote women development[J]. Collection of Women's Studies, 2004(6):5-10.]
[12] 单艺斌,叶苏平.性别平等的评价指标体系构建[J].统计与决策, 2005(4):58-60.[Shan Yibin, Ye Suping. Construction of evaluation index system for gender equality[J]. Statistics & Decision, 2005(4):58-60.]
[13] 吴帆.我国妇女发展状况评估——基于家庭领域性别平等指标体系[J]. 社会,2007(3):142-155.[Wu Fan. Analysis of the Chinese women's developmental state:Based on the index system of gender equality in the family sphere[J]. Chinese Journal of Sociology, 2007(3):142-155.]
[14] 蒋永萍,姜秀花,陈方,等.中国性别平等与妇女发展评估报告(1995-2005)[J].妇女研究论丛,2006(2):11-21.[Jiang Yongping, Jiang Xiuhua, Chen Fang, et al. Evaluation report on gender equality and women development in China, 1995-2005[J]. Collection of Women's Studies, 2006(2):11-21.]
[15] Janssen M A, Schoon M L, Ke W, et al. Scholarly networks on resilience, vulnerability and adaptation within the human dimensions of global environmental change[J]. Global Environmental Change, 2006,16(3):240-252.
[16] 苏飞,张平宇,李鹤.中国煤矿城市经济系统脆弱性评价[J].地理研究,2008,27(4):907-916.[Su Fei, Zhang Pingyu, Li He. Vulnerability assessment of coal-mining cities' economic systems in China[J]. Geographical Research, 2008,27(4):907-916.]
[17] 方创琳,王岩.中国城市脆弱性的综合测度与空间分异特征[J].地理学报,2015,70(2):234-247.[Fang Chuanglin, Wang Yan. A comprehensive assessment of urban vulnerability and its spatial differentiation in China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015,70(2):234-247.]
[18] 杨振,丁启燕,王念,等.中国人口健康脆弱性地区差异与影响因素分析[J].地理科学,2018,38(1):135-142.[Yang Zhen, Ding Qiyan, Wang Nian, et al. Distribution characteristics of health vulnerability and its influence factors in China[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2018,38(1):135-142.]
[19] 周培勤.社会性别视角下的人地关系——国外女性主义地理学研究进展和启示[J].人文地理,2014,29(3):63-68.[Zhou Peiqin. The man-land relationship from the gender perspective:A summary and analysis of feminist geographic research abroad[J]. Human Geography, 2014,29(3):63-68.]
[20] 黄春晓,顾朝林.基于性别制度的中国城市结构的历史演变[J].人文地理,2009,24(2):29-33.[Huang Chunxiao, Gu Chaolin. Study on the evolution of Chinese urban structure based on the gender system[J]. Human Geography, 2009,24(2):29-33.]
[21] Rey S J, Murray A T, Anselin L. Visualizing regional income distribution dynamics[J]. Letters in Spatial and Resource Sciences, 2011, 4(1):81-90.
[22] 纪小美,陶卓民,陈金华,等.中国国际旅游省份差异的时空交互特征——基于主要客源市场的对比[J].地理研究,2016,35(2):363-376.[Ji Xiaomei, Tao Zhuomin, Chen Jinhua, et al. Space-time interaction of provincial inequality of international tourism in China:The comparison between main tourist markets[J]. Geographical Research, 2016,35(2):363-376.]
[23] 王立军,张伯伟.外部冲击与中国区域经济非稳定性增长——基于全球金融危机的视角[J].世界经济研究, 2010(8):3-8.[Wang Lijun, Zhang Bowei. The external impact and regional economic unstable growth in China:A study based on the perspective of global financial crisis[J]. World Economy Study, 2010(8):3-8.]
[24] 陆大道,王铮,封志明,等.关于"胡焕庸线能否突破"的学术争鸣[J]. 地理研究,2016,35(5):805-824.[Lu Dadao, Wang Zheng, Feng Zhiming, et al. Academic debates on Hu Huanyong population line[J]. Geographical Research, 2016,35(5):805-824.]
[25] 任泉香,朱竑,李鹏.近现代中国女性人才的地理分布和区域分异[J].地理学报,2007,62(2):211-220.[Ren Quanxiang, Zhu Hong, Li Peng. Geographical distribution and regional differentiation of female talents in modern and contemporary China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2007,62(2):211-220.]
[26] 王圣云,罗玉婷,韩亚杰,等.中国人类福祉地区差距演变及其影响因素——基于人类发展指数(HDI)的分析[J].地理科学进展, 2018,37(8):1150-1158.[Wang Shengyun, Luo Yuting, Han Yajie, et al. Regional difference and determinants of human well-being in China:Based on the analysis of human development index[J]. Progress in Geography, 2018,37(8):1150-1158.]
[27] Bai X, Nath I, Capon A, et al. Health and wellbeing in the changing urban environment:Complex challenges, scientific responses, and the way forward[J]. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 2012,4(4):465-472.
[28] 肖扬.论妇女人力资本积累与可持续发展[J].妇女研究论丛,2003(4):33-39.[Xiao Yang. On woman power's capital accumulation and sustainable development[J]. Collection of Women's Studies, 2003(4):33-39.]
[29] Gray M M, Kittilson M C, Sandholtz W. Women and globalization:A study of 180 countries, 1975-2000[J]. International Organization, 2006,60(2):293-333.
[30] 蔡俊豪,陈兴渝. "城市化"本质含义的再认识[J].城市发展研究, 1999(5):22-25.[Cai Junhao, Chen Xingyu. Recognition of the nature of urbanization[J]. Urban Development Studies, 1999(5):22-25.]
[31] 段成荣,秦敏,吕利丹.我国农村留守妻子的分布与生存发展现状——基于2015年1%人口抽样调查数据的分析[J].南方人口, 2017,32(2):34-49.[Duan Chengrong, Qin Min, Lv Lidan. Study on the distribution and human development of left-behind wives in rural areas:An analysis of 1% population sampling survey 2015[J]. South China Population, 2017,32(2):34-49.]
[32] Potrafke N, Ursprung H. Globalization and gender equality in the course of development[J]. European Journal of Political Economy, 2012,28(4):399-413.
[33] 李在军,刘帅宾,马志飞,等.中国省域离婚率的空间异质性分析[J]. 地理科学进展,2017,36(10):1313-1320.[Li Zaijun, Liu Shuaibin, Ma Zhifei, et al. Saptial heterogeneity analysis of divorce rate at the provincial level in China[J]. Progress in Geography, 2017,36(10):1313-1320.]
[34] 宋冬林,姜扬,郑国强.民生财政支出的幸福评价——基于CGSS (2012)调查数据的实证研究[J].吉林大学社会科学学报,2016,56(6):96-104.[Song Donglin, Jiang Yang, Zheng Guoqiang. The sense of happiness evaluation of livelihood finance expenditure:Based on empirical research of the survey data of CGSS (2012)[J]. Jilin University Journal Social Sciences Edition, 2016,56(6):96-104.]
[35] 霍景东,夏杰长.公共支出与人类发展指数——对中国的实证分析:1990-2002[J].财经论丛,2005(4):7-10.[Huo Jingdong, Xia Jie chang. Public expenditure and human development index:Empirical evidence of China from 1990 to 2002[J]. Collected Essays on Finance and Economics, 2005(4):7-10.]