国外女性贫困研究进展与启示&mdash;&mdash;基于地理学领域的研究

李紫晴; 袁媛; 梁璐; 牛通

doi:10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2020.01.003

PDF(9114 KB)

人文地理 ›› 2020, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (1) : 19-27. DOI: 10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2020.01.003

进展与动态

国外女性贫困研究进展与启示——基于地理学领域的研究

李紫晴¹, 袁媛¹, 梁璐², 牛通¹

作者信息 +

REVIEWS ON FOREIGN FEMALE POVERTY STUDIES AND ITS ENLIGHTENMENT: BASED ON GEOGRAPHY AREA

LI Zi-qing¹, YUAN Yuan¹, LIANG Lu², NIU Tong¹

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

男性和女性除了有生理性别差异，还有通过心理、文化和社会手段构建的社会性别差异，两者共同导致女性在健康、就业、教育、人际、资产等领域的相对弱势地位。近年，由发达国家主导的女性贫困研究热度持续增加，发展中国家研究逐渐增多，但国内研究仍在起步阶段。运用CiteSpace软件分析国外地理学领域的女性贫困研究最新进展，发现研究热点集中在基于空间差异的女性贫困研究、基于社会剥夺的女性贫困研究，以及女性减贫的政策建议研究。基于研究热点与社会性别理论，本文提炼出女性贫困研究框架体系，并总结了内在因素和外部环境共同作用的女性致贫解释机制，认为女性贫困是地区经济、文化与政治的折射。最后提出未来中国女性贫困地理研究建议，以期为推进以性别为切入点的精准扶贫做出贡献。

Abstract

Studies on female poverty began to rise gradually in the middle and late 20th century. In recent years, research on poverty among female gained popularity led by the western country, especially by the United States, focusing on the fields of medicine, economics and social sciences. In the meantime, the research from developing countries gradually increased. This paper analyzed the latest progress of foreign studies on female poverty in geography from 2002 to 2017 by using citation analysis software CiteSpace. It was found that the research is mainly based on summarizing different geospatial and social deprivation, analyzing the characteristics of female poverty in the region or discriminating the phenomenon of feminization of poverty, exploring the influencing factors and mechanism of action, and carrying out relevant policy research. Based on research hotspot and social gender theory, this paper abstracts the research framework system of female poverty, and summarizes the explanation mechanism of female poverty mainly caused by the gender difference formed by the external environment factors and the internal physiological gender differences, resulting in deprivation of physical and mental health, human capital and employment, land and housing assets, time burden, space accessibility and migration, and other aspects, forming different groups of poor female.

导出引用

李紫晴, 袁媛, 梁璐, 牛通. 国外女性贫困研究进展与启示——基于地理学领域的研究[J]. 人文地理. 2020, 35(1): 19-27 https://doi.org/10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2020.01.003

LI Zi-qing, YUAN Yuan, LIANG Lu, NIU Tong. REVIEWS ON FOREIGN FEMALE POVERTY STUDIES AND ITS ENLIGHTENMENT: BASED ON GEOGRAPHY AREA[J]. HUMAN GEOGRAPHY. 2020, 35(1): 19-27 https://doi.org/10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2020.01.003

中图分类号： K901.2

参考文献

[1] Pearce D. The feminization of poverty:Women, work, and welfare.[J]. Urban & Social Change Review, 1978,11(1):28-36.
[2] Medeiros M, Costa J. Is there a feminization of poverty in Latin America?[J]. World Development, 2008,36(1):115-127.
[3] Ajibade I, Mcbean G, Bezner-Kerr R. Urban flooding in Lagos, Nigeria:Patterns of vulnerability and resilience among women[J]. Global Environmental Change, 2013,23(6):1714-1725.
[4] Albert J R, Mori S, Reyes C, et al. Income disparity among persons with disabilities, assessed by education and sex:Accentuated gender difference found in metro Manila, the Philippines[J]. The Developing Economies, 2015,53(4):289-302.
[5] Brady D, Burroway R. Targeting, universalism, and single-mother poverty:A multilevel analysis across 18 affluent democracies[J]. Demography, 2012,49(2):719-746.
[6] Flato M, Muttarak R, André Pelser. Women, weather, and woes:The triangular dynamics of female-headed households, economic vulnerability, and climate variability in South Africa[J]. World Development, 2016,90:41-62.
[7] Kaida L. Ethnic variations in immigrant poverty exit and female employment:The missing link[J]. Demography, 2015,52(2):485-511.
[8] Karamba R W, Winters P C. Gender and agricultural productivity:Implications of the farm input subsidy program in Malawi[J]. Agricultural Economics, 2015,46(3):357-374.
[9] Magidimisha H H, Gordon S. Profiling South African gender inequality in informal self-employment[J]. Journal of Gender Studies, 2015,24(3):275-292.
[10] Nygard M, Hartull C, Wentjarvi A, et al. Poverty and old age in Scandinavia:A problem of gendered injustice? Evidence from the 2010 GERDA survey in Finland and Sweden[J]. Social Indicators Research, 2017,132(2):681-698.
[11] Van Aelst K, Holvoet N. Intersections of gender and marital status in accessing climate change adaptation:Evidence from rural Tanzania[J]. World Development, 2016,79:40-50.
[12] 姚华松,黄耿志,薛德升.国内外女性主义地理学研究述评[J].人文地理,2017,32(2):9-15.[Yao Huasong, Huang Gengzhi, Xue Desheng. Reviews on feminist geographical studies[J]. Human Geography, 2017,32(2):9-15.]
[13] Brady D, Kall D. Nearly universal, but somewhat distinct:The feminization of poverty in affluent western democracies, 1969-2000[J]. Social Science Research, 2008,37(3):976-1007.
[14] Fang T, Gunderson M. Vulnerable groups in Canada and labour market exclusion[J]. International Journal of Manpower, 2015,36(6):824-847.
[15] Kasearu K, Maestripieri L, Ranci C. Women at risk:The Impact of labour-market participation, education and household structure on the economic vulnerability of women through Europe[J]. European Societies, 2016,19(2):1-20.
[16] Chant S. The ‘feminisation of poverty’ in Costa Rica:To what extent a conundrum?[J]. Bulletin of Latin American Research, 2010, 28(1):19-43.
[17] Rogan M. Poverty and headship in post-apartheid South Africa, 1997-2006[J]. Social Indicators Research, 2013,113(1):491-511.
[18] Rogan M. Gender and multidimensional poverty in South Africa:Applying the global multidimensional poverty index (MPI)[J]. Social Indicators Research, 2016,126(3):1-20.
[19] Bigler C, Amacker M, Ingabire C, et al. Rwanda's gendered agricultural transformation:A mixed-method study on the rural labour market, wage gap and care penalty[J]. Women's Studies International Forum, 2017,64:17-27.
[20] Katapa R S. A Comparison of female- and male-headed households in Tanzania and poverty implications[J]. Journal of Biosocial Science, 2006,38(3):327-339.
[21] Bigsten A, Shimeles A. Poverty transition and persistence in Ethiopia:1994-2004[J]. World Development, 2008,36(9):1559-1584.
[22] Altamirano Montoya Á J, Teixeira K M D. Multidimensional poverty in Nicaragua:Are female-headed households better off?[J]. Social Indicators Research, 2017,132:1-27.
[23] Klasen S, Lechtenfeld T, Povel F. A Feminization of vulnerability? Female headship, poverty, and vulnerability in Thailand and Vietnam[J]. World Development, 2015,71:36-53.
[24] Villarreal A, Shin H. Unraveling the economic paradox of femaleheaded households in Mexico:The role of family networks[J]. Sociological Quarterly, 2010,49(3):565-595.
[25] Milazzo A, Walle D V D. Women left behind? Poverty and headship in Africa[J]. Demography, 2017,54(3):1119-1145.
[26] Fisher B, Naidoo R. The geography of gender inequality[J]. Plos One, 2016,11(3):e0145778.
[27] Coster S D, Heimer K. Neighborhood disadvantage, social capital, street context, and youth violence[J]. Sociological Quarterly, 2010, 47(4):723-753.
[28] Freisthler B. A spatial analysis of social disorganization, alcohol access, and rates of child maltreatment in neighborhoods[J]. Children & Youth Services Review, 2004,26(9):803-819.
[29] Kim J. Neighborhood disadvantage and mental health:The role of neighborhood disorder and social relationships[J]. Social Science Research, 2010,39(2):260-271.
[30] Quillian L. How long are exposures to poor neighborhoods? The long-term dynamics of entry and exit from poor neighborhoods[J]. Population Research & Policy Review, 2003,22(3):221-249.
[31] Cummings J L, Jackson P B. Race, gender, and ses disparities in self-assessed health, 1974-2004[J]. Research on Aging an International Bimonthly Journal, 2008,30(2):137-167.
[32] Bahrainy H, Khosravi H. The impact of urban design features and qualities on walkability and health in under-construction environments:The case of Hashtgerd new town in Iran[J]. Cities, 2013,31(2):17-28.
[33] Cunningham-Myrie C A, Theall K P, Younger N O, et al. Associations between neighborhood effects and physical activity, obesity, and diabetes:The Jamaica health and lifestyle survey 2008[J]. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 2015,68(9):970-978.
[34] Althoff T, Sosic R, Hicks J L, et al. Large-scale physical activity data reveal worldwide activity inequality[J]. Nature, 2017,547(7663):336.
[35] Chant S. Cities through a "gender lens":A golden "urban age" for women in the Global South?[J]. Environment and Urbanization, 2013,25(1):9-29.
[36] Tibesigwa B, Visser M. Assessing gender inequality in food security among small-holder farm households in urban and rural South Africa[J]. World Development, 2016,88:33-49.
[37] Jha R, Gaiha R, Sharma A. Calorie and micronutrient deprivation and poverty nutrition traps in rural India[J]. World Development, 2009,37(5):982-991.
[38] Shearer D L, Mulvihill B A, Klerman L V, et al. Association of early childbearing and low cognitive ability[J]. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 2002,34(5):236-243.
[39] Mohanty S K. Multiple deprivations and maternal care in India[J]. International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 2012,38(1):6-14.
[40] Falkingham J. Inequality and changes in women's use of maternal health-care services in Tajikistan[J]. Studies in Family Planning, 2003,34(1):32-43.
[41] Gage A J, Guirlène C M. Effects of the physical accessibility of maternal health services on their use in rural Haiti[J]. Population Studies, 2006,60(3):271-288.
[42] Shisana O, Rice K, Zungu N, et al. Gender and poverty in South Africa in the era of HIV/Aids:A quantitative study[J]. Journal of Women's Health, 2010,19(1):39-46.
[43] Bloom S S, Griffiths P L. Female autonomy as a contributing factor to women's HIV-related knowledge and behaviour in three culturally contrasting states in India[J]. Journal of Biosocial Science, 2007, 39(4):557-573.
[44] Lee H, Gordon-Larsen H P. Life course perspectives on the links between poverty and obesity during the transition to young adulthood[J]. Population Research and Policy Review, 2009,28(4):505-532.
[45] Owusu B K, Kuitunen M. Factors affecting the choice of cooking fuel, cooking place and respiratory health in the Accra metropolitan area, Ghana[J]. Journal of Biosocial Science, 2006,38(3):403-412.
[46] Pimlott-Wilson H. Parental responsibility for paid employment and social reproduction:Children's experiences in middle-class and working-class households in England[J]. Environment & Planning A, 2015,47(9):1892-1906.
[47] Ramírez E, Ruben R. Gender systems and women's labor force participation in the salmon industry in Chiloé, Chile[J]. World Development, 2015,73:96-104.
[48] Kim K. Revisiting the ‘feminisation of poverty’ in Korea:Focused on time use and time poverty[J]. Asia Pacific Journal of Social Work, 2015,25(2):1-15.
[49] Saboor A, Manzoor M, Khan A U. Time use poverty and gender inequality:Empirical evidences from Punjab[J]. Quality & Quantity, 2016,50(1):1-18.
[50] Pojani E, Boussauw K, Pojani D. Reexamining transport poverty, job access, and gender issues in Central and Eastern Europe[J]. Gender, Place & Culture, 2017,24(9):1323-1345.
[51] Perez C, Jones E M, Kristjanson P, et al. How resilient are farming households and communities to a changing climate in Africa? A gender-based perspective[J]. Global Environmental Change, 2015, 34:95-107.
[52] Kieran C, Sproule K, Doss C, et al. Examining gender inequalities in land rights indicators in Asia[J]. Agricultural Economics, 2016,46(S1):119-138.
[53] Wineman A, Liverpool-Tasie L S O. Land markets and land access among female-headed households in northwestern Tanzania[J]. World Development, 2017,100:108-122.
[54] Jørgensen S H. Some perspectives on the geographies of poverty and health:A Ghanaian context[J]. Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift-Norwegian Journal of Geography, 2008,62(3):241-250.
[55] Parikh P, Fu K, Parikh H, et al. Infrastructure provision, gender, and poverty in Indian slums[J]. World Development, 2015,66:468-486.
[56] Attanasio O, Augsburg B, De Haas R, et al. The impacts of microfinance:Evidence from joint-liability lending in Mongolia[J]. American Economic Journal Applied Economics, 2011,7(1):90-122.
[57] Arora-Jonsson S. Virtue and vulnerability:Discourses on women, gender and climate change[J]. Global Environmental Change, 2011, 21(2):744-751.
[58] Bradshaw S. Engendering development and disasters[J]. Disasters, 2015,39(S1):54-75.
[59] Chant S. The ‘feminisation of poverty’ and the ‘feminisation’ of antipoverty programmes:Room for revision?[J]. Journal of Development Studies, 2008,44(2):165-197.
[60] 杜洁.女性主义与社会性别分析——社会性别理论在发展中的运用[J].浙江学刊,2000(2):94-98.[Du Jie. Feminism and gender analysis:The application of gender theory in development[J]. Zhejiang Academic Journal, 2000(2):94-98.]
[61] 刘霓.社会性别——西方女性主义理论的中心概念[J].国外社会科学,2001(6):52-57.[Liu Ni. Gender:The key concept of Western feminist theory[J]. Social Sciences Abroad, 2001(6):52-57.]
[62] 周培勤.社会性别视角下的人地关系——国外女性主义地理学研究进展和启示[J].人文地理,2014,29(3):63-68.[Zhou Peiqin. The man-land relationship from the gender perspective:A summary and analysis of feminist geographic research abroad[J]. Human Geography, 2014,29(3):63-68.]
[63] Bussmann M. The effect of trade openness on women's welfare and work life[J]. World Development, 2009,37(6):1027-1038.
[64] Latorre M C. A CGE analysis of the impact of foreign direct investment and tariff reform on female and male workers in Tanzania[J]. World Development, 2016,77(1):346-366.
[65] Kim Y. Mobile phone for empowerment? Global nannies in Paris[J]. Media, Culture & Society, 2016,38(4):525-539.
[66] Suri T, Jack W. The long-run poverty and gender impacts of mobile money[J]. Science, 2016,354(6317):1288-1292.
[67] Keister L A. Conservative protestants and wealth:How religion perpetuates asset poverty[J]. American Journal of Sociology, 2008,113(5):1237-1271.
[68] Atasoy B S. Female labour force participation in Turkey:The role of traditionalism[J]. European Journal of Development Research, 2017,29(4):1-32.
[69] Gökovali U. Everyone's own poverty:Gendering poverty alleviation policies in Turkey[J]. Women's Studies International Forum, 2013,41(41):65-75.
[70] Mallick D, Rafi M. Are female-headed households more food insecure? Evidence from Bangladesh[J]. World Development, 2010,38(4):593-605.
[71] Casper L M, Mclanahan S S, Garfinkel I. The gender-poverty gap:What we can learn from other countries[J]. American Sociological Review, 1994,59(4):594-605.
[72] 张雪梅,李晶,李小云.妇女贫困:从农村到城乡, 从收入贫困到多维贫困——2000年以来中国"妇女贫困"研究评述与展望[J].妇女研究论丛,2011(5):99-105.[Zhang Xuemei, Li Jing, Li Xiaoyun. Women poverty:From rural to urban and rural, from income poverty to multidimensional poverty:Evaluation of studies of "women poverty" in China since 2000[J]. Collection of Women's Studies, 2011(5):99-105.]
[73] 闫坤.我国女性贫困特征及致贫原因[N].中国妇女报,2017-01-18(B03).[Yan Kun. The characteristics and causes of female poverty in China[N]. China Women's News, 2017-01-18(B03).]
[74] 张颖莉,游士兵.贫困脆弱性是否更加女性化?——基于CHNS九省区2009年和2011年两轮农村样本数据[J].妇女研究论丛,2018(4):33-43,121.[Zhang Yingli, You Shibing. Are women more vulnerable to poverty? Based on the CHNS rural data of 9 provinces in 2009 and 2011[J]. Journal of Chinese Women's Studies, 2018(4):33-43,121.]
[75] 陈果,顾朝林,吴缚龙.南京城市贫困空间调查与分析[J].地理科学, 2004,24(5):542-549.[Chen Guo, Gu Chaolin, Wu Fulong. Spatial analysis of urban poverty in Nanjing:A survey method[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2004,24(5):542-549.]
[76] 刘玉亭. 转型期中国城市贫困的社会空间[M].北京:科学出版社, 2005.[Liu Yuting. Social Space of Urban Poverty in Transitional China[M]. Beijing:Science Press, 2005.]
[77] 刘艳华,徐勇.中国农村多维贫困地理识别及类型划分[J].地理学报,2015,70(6):993-1007.[Liu Yanhua, Xu Yong. Geographical identification and classification of multi-dimensional poverty in rural China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015,70(6):993-1007.]
[78] 刘彦随,李进涛.中国县域农村贫困化分异机制的地理探测与优化决策[J].地理学报,2017,72(1):161-173.[Liu Yansui, LI Jintao. Geographic detection and optimizing decision of the differentiation mechanism of rural poverty in China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2017,72(1):161-173.]
[79] 袁媛,古叶恒,肖扬.中国城市的"中心-外围"贫困格局及影响因素[J].人文地理,2017,32(5):40-47.[Yuan Yuan, Gu Yeheng, Xiao Yang. The spatial pattern and driving forces of poverty between central-cityand outer-suburb in China[J]. Human Geography, 2017, 32(5):40-47.]
[80] 袁媛,吴缚龙,许学强.转型期中国城市贫困和剥夺的空间模式[J]. 地理学报,2009,64(6):753-763.[Yuan Yuan, Wu Fulong, Xu Xueqiang. The spatial pattern of poverty and deprivation in transitional Chinese city:Analysis of area-based indicators and individual data[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2009,64(6):753-763.]
[81] 李武斌,薛东前,邱婴芝.西安市单亲女性的生活质量及贫困化研究[J].西北人口,2015,36(4):61-67.[Li Wubin, Xue Dongqian, Qiu Yingzhi. The impoverishment and the QOL of the single women with children in Xi'an city[J]. Northwest Population, 2015,36(4):61-67.]
[82] 柳建平,刘咪咪.甘肃省贫困地区女性多维贫困测度及影响因素分析——基于14个贫困村的调查资料[J].西北人口,2018,39(2):112-120,126.[Liu Jianping, Liu Mimi. An analysis to the integration obstacle on basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents in Gansu province[J]. Northwest Population, 2018,39(2):112-120,126.]
[83] 王增文.农村老年女性贫困的决定因素分析——基于Cox比例风险模型的研究视角[J].中国人口科学,2010(1):75-83,112.[Wang Zengwen. Determinant factors of China's rural old age impoverished female:A application of Cox proportion risk model[J]. Chinese Journal of Population Science, 2010(1):75-83,112.]