传统基于个体旅游视角构建的旅游理论和模型，无法有效阐释亲子旅游等"群体旅游"现象。理解游客需要将其放置到"生理因素-个体行为-交往-关系-组群-社会"的社会复杂性连续层面，及其在不同旅游情景中的不同角色功能。通过研究城市家庭亲子旅游行为，以期回答"群体旅游"中个体成员内部之间的互动关系。研究发现：家庭旅游活动成为家长精心组织和策划的，以"出去玩""见世面""涨知识"为鲜明主题，以加强儿童教育作为主要动机，以促进家庭关系作为次要动机的一种休闲安排，"以儿童为中心"的亲子旅游决策特征非常明显。通过神情专注和情感涉入，父母收获了"好的父母"的身份认同和"共同在场"带来的家庭意识。
Abstract
Child-centered family travel, i.e., parent-child tourism, is predicted to grow at a faster rate than all other forms of leisure travel, partly because it represents a way to reunite the family and for family members to spend time with each other. At the same time parent-child tourism is phenomena shaped by changes in contemporary Chinese family structures while the child-centered family arrangement has outstanding importance. But traditional tourism theories and models based on an individual tourist perspective, cannot effectively explain the phenomenon of group tourism, such as parent-child tourism. The concept of the family unit might be in question. In order to understand a tourist, we need to put him into the continuous levels of social complexity of "physiological factors-individual behavior-communication-relationship-group-society", while in different tourist scenarios (individual tourism-small group tourism-big group tourism) acting as different tourist role functions. This paper applies the co-presence theory and in-depth interview method, and takes Nanjing Hongshan Forest Zoo and Xuanwu Lake Area as research cases, and studies the urban family parent-child tourist behaviors, in order to answer the interactions between individual members in "group tourism". The study found that:1) The child-centered family tourist decision making model, the family identity and collective consciousness brought about by the co-presence with the sentimental and emotional involvements, pose challenges to the traditional tourism theories and models. 2) Objectively, we need a new kind of research paradigm from individual tourism to group tourism.
关键词
个体旅游 /
群体旅游 /
亲子旅游 /
旅游行为 /
共同在场
Key words
individual tourism /
group tourism /
parent-child tourism /
tourist behavior /
co-presence
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基金
国家自然科学基金项目（41971174，41201136）；旅游业青年专家培养计划项目（TYEPT201423）
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