空间隔离视角下中西方城市社会排斥研究述评

韩勇; 贺萌琳; 高军波; 郑茜

doi:10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2020.06.004

PDF(3021 KB)

人文地理 ›› 2020, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (6) : 26-34. DOI: 10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2020.06.004

进展与动态

空间隔离视角下中西方城市社会排斥研究述评

韩勇, 贺萌琳, 高军波, 郑茜

作者信息 +

REVIEWS ON URBAN SOCIAL EXCLUSION IN CHINAAND WESTERN COUNTRIES FROM THE PERSPETIVE OF SPACE ISOLATION

HAN Yong, HE Meng-lin, GAO Jun-bo, ZHENG Qian

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

空间已成为社会排斥研究的重要维度。本文通过梳理国内外相关文献，重点对空间隔离与社会排斥的内在逻辑及其重点研究领域进行阐述。总体上，社会排斥研究的空间维度聚焦于资源和机会的非均衡配置及流动性障碍导致的边缘化过程。具体来讲，从邻里结构性特征中辨识潜在的被排斥主体，强调了社会排斥产生的物质基础；厘清不同尺度、不同空间类型下空间隔离与社会排斥相互作用机制，为消除空间隔离产生的社会排斥障碍提供实践基础。基于社会融合发展目标，提出融贯社会空间隔离到社会空间融合的分析框架，为建构多尺度社会融合路径提供理论支持。

Abstract

Space has become an important dimension for researches on social exclusion. After collecting, concluding and refining the domestic and foreign literatures, this paper focuses on the internal logical relationship and main research fields on the relationship between spatial isolation and social exclusion. Specifically, it was to emphasize the material basis of social exclusion through identifying the potential excluded groups from the neighborhood environment which hint the rights who owns. Furthermore, how to eliminating the barriers of social exclusion caused by spatial isolation need the summary of practical samples through which the mutual mechanism between spatial isolation and social exclusion was to be explicated at different scales and from diverse spatial types. China's urban is in the process of continuous transformation and reconstruction, which the most important characteristics of urban social space represents heterogeneity and polarization. The study on social exclusion in China from spatio-temporal dimension is still in initial stage. There is a lack of systematic demonstration in the following aspects that the spatial representation of social exclusion, the spatial effect of social exclusion, and the mechanism between social exclusion and spatial isolation. Therefore, geography's research paradigm should be brought into play. Taking the social integration as the ultimate goal, the identification of spatial isolation, socio-spatial effects, and its associated mechanism with social exclusion should be further explored, by using the methods of neighborhood quality evaluation, neighborhood space effects and housing space search and selection analysis, and integrating geography, sociology, urban planning, economics and other disciplines.

导出引用

韩勇, 贺萌琳, 高军波, 郑茜. 空间隔离视角下中西方城市社会排斥研究述评[J]. 人文地理. 2020, 35(6): 26-34 https://doi.org/10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2020.06.004

HAN Yong, HE Meng-lin, GAO Jun-bo, ZHENG Qian. REVIEWS ON URBAN SOCIAL EXCLUSION IN CHINAAND WESTERN COUNTRIES FROM THE PERSPETIVE OF SPACE ISOLATION[J]. HUMAN GEOGRAPHY. 2020, 35(6): 26-34 https://doi.org/10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2020.06.004

中图分类号： K901.2

参考文献

[1] Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Leaving No One Behind:The Imperative of Inclusive Development:2016 Report on the World Social Situation[R]. New York:United Nations, 2016:17-22.
[2] Begum H, Moinuddin G. Spatial dimension of social exclusion. An imperial investigation into the relationship of housing and social exclusion in the slums of Dhaka city[J]. Management Research and Practice, 2010,2(3):314-328.
[3] 顾朝林,刘佳燕.城市社会学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2013:1196-1205.[Gu Chaolin, Liu Jiayan. Urban Sociology[M]. Peking:Tsinghua University Press, 2013:1196-1205.]
[4] 楚晗,谢涤湘.共享与品质——2018中国城市规划年会论文集:城市规划历史与理论[C]. 北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2018:181-191.[Chu Han, Xie Dixiang. Sharing and Quality——Proceedings of China Urban Planning Annual Conference 2018:Urban Planning History and Theory[C]. Peking:China Architecture & Building Press, 2018:181-191.]
[5] Silver H. National conceptions of the new urban poverty:Social structural change in Britain, France and the United States[J]. International Journal of Urban & Regional Research, 1993,17(3):336-354.
[6] Popay J, Escorel S, Herández M, et al. Understanding and Tackling Social Exclusion:Final Report to the WHO Commission on Social Determinants of Health from the Social Exclusion Knowledge Net work[R]. Geneva:WHO, 2008:17-21.
[7] 景晓芬". 社会排斥" 理论研究综述[J].甘肃理论学刊,2004(2):17-21.[Jing Xiaofen. A summary of the theory of social refusal[J]. Gansu Theory Research, 2004(2):17-21.]
[8] Allen J, Cars G, Madanipour A. Social Exclusion in European Cities:Processes, Experiences and Responses[M]. New York:Routledge, 2012:81-89.
[9] Bhalla A, Lapeyre F. Social exclusion:Towards an analytical and operational framework[J]. Development & Change, 1997,28(3):413-433.
[10] Lucas K. Transport and social exclusion:Where are we now?[J]. Transport Policy, 2012,20:105-113.
[11] Cameron A. Geographies of welfare and exclusion:Initial report[J]. Progress in Human Geography, 2005,29(2):194-203.
[12] 景晓芬,李世平.城市空间生产过程中的社会排斥[J].城市问题, 2011(10):11-16.[Jing Xiaofen, Li Shiping. Social exclusion in the creation of urban space[J]. Urban Problems, 2011(10):11-16.]
[13] Williams C. Tackling social exclusion in a consumer society[J]. Town and Country Planning, 2002,71(1):26-28.
[14] Solomon J. Delivering Sustainable Transport:A Social Science Perspective[M]. Melbourne:Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2002:150-156.
[15] Bolt G, Phillips D, Kempen R V. Housing Policy, (de)segregation and social mixing:An international perspective[J]. Housing Studies, 2010,25(2):129-135.
[16] 朱竑,钱俊希,陈晓亮.地方与认同:欧美人文地理学对地方的再认识[J]. 人文地理,2010,25(6):7-12.[Zhu Hong, Qian Junxi, Chen Xiaoliang. Place and identity:The rethink of place of EuropeanAmerican human geography[J]. Human Geography, 2010,25(6):7-12.]
[17] Sibley D. Geographies of Exclusion:Society and Difference in the West[M]. New York:Routledge, 2002:194-203.
[18] 万蕙,朱竑.中越通婚中越南女性的空间排斥研究——以云南省河口县桥头村为例[J].地理科学,2013,33(5):570-575.[Wan Hui, Zhu Hong. Spatial exclusion of Vietnamese brides in Sino-vietnam cross-border marriages:A case study of Qiaotou village in Yunnan[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2013,33(5):570-575.]
[19] Jung J, Anderson C. Extending the conversation on socially engaged geographic visualization:Representing spatial inequality in Buffalo, New York[J]. Urban Geography, 2017,38(6):903-926.
[20] 邓绶林,刘文彰.地学辞典[M].石家庄:河北教育出版社,1992:282.[Deng Shoulin, Liu Yunzhang. Geoscience Dictionary[M]. Shi Jiazhuang:Hebei Education Press, 1992:282.]
[21] 李倩,张文忠,余建辉,等.北京不同收入家庭的居住隔离状态研究[J]. 地理科学进展,2012,31(6):693-700.[Li Qian, Zhang Wenzhong, Yu Jianhui, et al. Research on the residential segregation in Beijing[J]. Progress in Geography, 2012,31(6):693-700.]
[22] 张万录,陆伟,徐洋.快速城市化下城市居住隔离研究[J]. 《规划师》论丛,2010(2):136-139.[Zhang Wanlu, Lu Wei, Xu Yang. Study on urban residential isolation under rapid urbanization[J]. Journal of Planners, 2010(2):136-139.]
[23] 保罗·诺克, 史蒂文·平奇.城市社会地理学导论[M].北京:商务印书馆,2005:7.[Knox P, Pinch S. Urban Social Geography an Introduction[M]. Peking:The Commercial Press, 2005:7.]
[24] White M J. American Neighborhoods and Residential Differentiation[M]. New York:Russell Sage Foundation, 1987:82-83.
[25] 冯云廷.居住隔离、邻里选择与城市社区空间秩序重构[J].浙江社会科学,2018(9):70-76,157.[Feng Yunting. Residential segregation, neighborhood selection and urban community space restructuring[J]. Zhejiang Social Sciences, 2018(9):70-76,157.]
[26] Mcgarrigle J, Kearns A. Living apart? Place, identity and South Asian residential choice[J]. Housing Studies, 2009,24(4):451-475.
[27] 石恩名,刘望保,唐艺窈.国内外社会空间分异测度研究综述[J].地理科学进展,2015,34(7):818-829.[Shi Enming, Liu Wangbao, Tang Yiyao. A review of social spatial segregation measurements[J]. Progress in Geography, 2015,34(7):818-829.]
[28] Scarpa S. The impact of income inequality on economic residential segregation:The case of Malmö, 1991-2010[J]. Urban Studies, 2015,52(5):906-922.
[29] 钟奕纯,冯健.城市迁移人口居住空间分异——对深圳市的实证研究[J].地理科学进展,2017,36(1):125-135.[Zhong Yichun, Feng Jian. Residential spatial differentiation of migrant population within the city:A case study of Shenzhen[J]. Progress in Geography, 2017,36(1):125-135.]
[30] 吴启焰,吴小慧,Chen Guo,等.基于小尺度五普数据的南京旧城区社会空间分异研究[J].地理科学,2013,33(10):1196-1205.[Wu Qiyan, Wu Xiaohui, Guo Chen, et al. Social-spatial differentiation and residential segregation of old city of Nanjing, China:Evidence from the community-level Census Data in 2000[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2013,33(10):1196-1205.]
[31] Ellis M, Wright R, Parks V. Work together, Live apart? Geographies of racial and ethnic segregation at home and at work[J]. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 2004,94(3):620-637.
[32] Room G. Beyond the Threshold:The Measurement and Analysis of Social Exclusion[M]. Bristol:Policy Press, 1995:129-135.
[33] Saith R. Social Exclusion:The Concept and Application to Developing Countries[M]. Oxford:Queen Elizabeth House Oxford, 2001:7-11.
[34] 冯云廷,王亚男.城市社区居住隔离的形成机理——以大连为样本的实证[J].东北财经大学学报,2020(2):89-97.[Feng Yunting, Wang Yanan. The formation mechanism of residential segregation in urban communities:An empirical study on Dalian[J]. Journal of Dongbei University of Finance and Economics, 2020(2):89-97.]
[35] 叶怡君,张一兵.城市中心区毗邻隔离住区整合与更新研究——基于有机更新理论[J].城市规划,2019,43(10):80-85.[Ye Yijun, Zhang Yibing. Research on integrated renewal of adjecent segergated residential areas in urban center:Based on the theory of urban organic renewal[J]. City Planning Review, 2019,43(10):80-85.]
[36] Kenyon S, Lyons G, Rafferty J. Transport and social exclusion:Investigating the possibility of promoting inclusion through virtual mobility[J]. Journal of Transport Geography, 2002,10(3):207-219.
[37] Hernandez D O, Titheridge H. Mobilities of the periphery:Informality, access and social exclusion in the urban fringe in Colombia[J]. Journal of Transport Geography, 2016,55(3):152-164.
[38] Özkazanç S, Sönmez F. Spatial analysis of social exclusion from a transportation perspective:A case study of Ankara Metropolitan Area[J]. Cities, 2017,67(4):74-84.
[39] Bradshaw J, Kemp P, Baldwin S, et al. The Drivers of Social Exclusion[M]. London:Social Exclusion Unit, 2004:77.
[40] Church A, Frost M, Sullivan K. Transport and social exclusion in London[J]. Transport Policy, 2000,7(3):195-205.
[41] 潘海啸.中国城市机动性20年发展的回顾[J].国外城市规划,2005(3):41-45.[Pan Haixiao. Review of China's urban mobility and development in the last 20 years[J]. Urban Planning International, 2005(3):41-45.]
[42] 陈方,戢晓峰,张宏达.城市化进程中交通公平的研究进展[J].人文地理,2014,29(6):10-17.[Chen Fang, Ji Xiaofeng, Zhang Hongda. Progress and prospect of transprotation equity in urbanization process[J]. Human Geography, 2014,29(6):10-17.]
[43] 戢晓峰,陈方,张玉鹏,等.基于群体公平差异的公交网络双层优化模型[J].中国公路学报,2014,27(10):101-108.[Ji Xiaofeng, Chen Fang, Zhang Yupeng, et al. Bi-level optimization model for public transport network with transportation equity constraint[J]. China Journal of Highway and Transport, 2014,27(10):101-108.]
[44] 戢晓峰,姜莉,陈方.欠发达地区城市公交底线公平的空间分异特征及成因分析——以云南省为例[J].人文地理,2018,33(1):124-129.[Ji Xiaofeng, Jiang Li, Chen Fang. Baseline equality of spatial differentiation characteristics and cause analysis of urban public transport in underdeveloped areas:A case of Yunnan Province[J]. Human Geography, 2018,33(1):124-129.]
[45] Schönfelder S, Axhausen K W. Activity spaces:Measures of social exclusion?[J]. Transport Policy, 2003,10(4):273-286.
[46] Wong D W S, Shaw S L. Measuring segregation:An activity space approach[J]. Journal of Geographical Systems, 2011,13(2):127-145.
[47] 梁增贤,许德祺.城市居民日常活动的社区依赖性研究——以深圳华侨城为例[J].人文地理,2016,31(2):35-41.[Liang Zengxian, Xu Deqi. Daily activities and community dependence of urban residents:The case of Shenzhen overseas Chinese town, China[J]. Human Geography, 2016,31(2):35-41.]
[48] Wang D, Li F, Chai Y. Activity spaces and sociospatial segregation in Beijing[J]. Urban Geography, 2012,33(2):256-277.
[49] Palmer J R. Activity space Segregation:Understanding Social Divisions in Space and Time[D]. Princeton:Princeton University, 2013.
[50] 代丹丹,周春山,梁史进.广州市中产阶层日常活动时空路径的特征及影响因素[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2017,56(2):117-130.[Dai Dandan, Zhou Chunshan, Liang Shijin. The characteristics and factors that influence space-time paths of middle-class daily activities in Guangzhou, China[J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni, 2017,56(2):117-130.]
[51] Kwan M. Beyond space (as we knew it):Toward temporally integrated geographies of segregation, health, and accessibility:Spacetime integration in geography and giscience[J]. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 2013,103(5):1078-1086.
[52] Li F, Wang D. Measuring urban segregation based on individuals' daily activity patterns:A multidimensional approach[J]. Environment and Planning A:Economy and Space, 2017,49(2):467-486.
[53] Byrne D. Social Exclusion[M]. Berkshire:Mcgraw-hill Education (uk), 2005:818-829.
[54] Tsevreni I. Children's social and spatial exclusion in the city[J]. The International Journal of Critical Pedagogy, 2015,6(2):122-127.
[55] Kim S, Ulfarsson G F. Activity space of older and working-age adults in the Puget Sound Region, Washington[J]. Transportation Research Record, 2015,2494(1):37-44.
[56] 申悦,柴彦威.基于日常活动空间的社会空间分异研究进展[J].地理科学进展,2018,37(6):853-862.[Shen Yue, Chai Yanwei. Progress of research on sociospatial differentiation based on daily activity space of urban residents[J]. Progress in Geography, 2018,37(6):853-862.]
[57] Lee J Y, Kwan M P. Visualisation of socio-spatial isolation based on human activity patterns and social networks in space-time[J]. Tijdschrift Voor Economische En Sociale Geografie, 2011,102(4):468-485.
[58] Farber S, O'kelly M, Miller H J, et al. Measuring segregation using patterns of daily travel behavior:A social interaction based model of exposure[J]. Journal of Transport Geography, 2015,49(8):26-38.
[59] Silm S, Ahas R. The temporal variation of ethnic segregation in a City:Evidence from a mobile phone use dataset[J]. Soc Sci Res, 2014,47(3):30-43.
[60] Park Y M, Kwan M P. Beyond residential segregation:A spatiotemporal approach to examining multi-contextual segregation[J]. Computers Environment & Urban Systems, 2018,71(3):98-108.
[61] 塔娜,申悦.基于共享度的上海郊区社区居民活动空间隔离及其影响因素[J].地理学报,2020,75(4):849-859.[Ta Na, Shen Yue. Activity space-based segregation among neighbors and its influencing factors:An analysis based on shared activity spaces in suburban Shanghai[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2020,75(4):849-859.]
[62] 刘玉亭,何深静,顾朝林,等.国外城市贫困问题研究[J].现代城市研究,2003(1):81-89.[Liu Yuting, He Jingshen, Gu Chaolin, et al. Study on urban poverty problem in foreign countries[J]. Modern Urban Research, 2003(1):81-89.]
[63] 何深静,刘玉亭,吴缚龙.南京市不同社会群体的贫困集聚度、贫困特征和贫困决定因素[J].地理研究,2010,29(4):131-143.[He Shenjing, Liu Yuting, Wu Fulong. Poverty profiles and poverty determinants of different social groups in Nanjing[J]. Geographical Research, 2010,29(4):131-143.]
[64] Von braun J, Hill R E, Pandya-lorch R. The Poorest and Hungry:Assessments, Analyses, and Actions:An IFPRI 2020 Book[M]. Washington DC:International Food Policy Research Institute, 2009:11-16.
[65] Braun J V, Gatzweiler F W. Marginality:Addressing the Nexus of Poverty, Exclusion and Ecology[M]. Berlin:Springer, 2014:20-29.
[66] Warf B. Encyclopedia of Geography[M]. Thousand Oaks, CA:Sage Publications, 2010:1852-1853.
[67] Déry S, Leimgruber W, Zsilincsar W. Understanding marginality:Recent insights from a geographical perspective[J]. Hrvatski Geografski Glasnik, 2012,74(1):5-18.
[68] Petrov A N. Redrawing the margin:Re-examining regional multichotomies and conditions of marginality in Canada, Russia and their Northern Frontiers[J]. Regional Studies, 2012,46(1):59-81.
[69] Zahra K, Ashraf A, Zafar T, et al. Marginality and social exclusion in Punjab, Pakistan:A threat to urban sustainability[J]. Sustainable Cities and Society, 2017,37(11):203-212.
[70] Malikova L, Farrell M, Mcdonagh J. Perception of marginality and peripherality in an Irish rural context[J]. Quaestiones Geographicae, 2016,35(4):93-105.
[71] Williams P, James A, Mcconnell F, et al. Working at the margins? Muslim middle class professionals in India and the limits of ‘labour agency’[J]. Environment & Planning A:Economy and Space, 2017, 49(6):1266-1285.
[72] 路幸福,陆林.边缘型地区旅游发展的居民环境认同与旅游支持——以泸沽湖景区为例[J].地理科学,2015,35(11):1404-1411.[Lu Xingfu, Lu Lin. Residents' environmental identity and support for tourism development of peripheral areas:A case study of Lugu Lake Scenic Spot[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2015,35(11):1404-1411.]
[73] Lens M C. Measuring the geography of opportunity[J]. Progress in Human Geography, 2017,41(1):3-25.
[74] Haque I, Das D N, Patel P P. Spatial segregation in Indian cities:Does the city size matter?[J]. Environment and Urbanization Asia, 2018,9(1):52-68.
[75] 李志刚, 吴缚龙, 薛德升". 后社会主义城市" 社会空间分异研究述评[J]. 人文地理,2006,21(5):7-11.[Li Zhigang, Wu Fulong, Xue Desheng. A review of sociospatial differentiation in ‘post-socialist’ cities[J]. Human Geography, 2006,21(5):7-11.]
[76] Massey D S, Mullan B P. Processes of Hispanic and black spatial assimilation[J]. American Journal of Sociology, 1984,89(4):836-873.
[77] 陈宏胜,吴利辉,李志刚.从空间隔离走向社会融合:基于居住空间的评析[J].规划师,2015,31(S2):61-64.[Chen Hongsheng, Wu Lihui, Li Zhigang. From spatial segregation to social integration:The review on residential space[J]. Planners, 2015,31(S2):61-64.]
[78] 田明,薄俊丽.东部地区流动人口城市融入的比较研究[J].人文地理,2014,29(1):43-48.[Tian Ming, Bo Junli. A comparative study of migrant urban integration with principal component analysis[J]. Human Geography, 2014,29(1):43-48.]
[79] 余运江,孙斌栋,孙旭.基于ESDA的城市外来人口社会融合水平空间差异研究——以上海为例[J].人文地理,2014,29(2):123-128.[Yu Yunjiang, Sun Bindong, Sun Xu. The level of urban social integration based on ESDA:A case study of Shanghai[J]. Human Geography, 2014,29(2):123-128.]
[80] 汪明峰,程红,宁越敏.上海城中村外来人口的社会融合及其影响因素[J].地理学报,2015,70(8):1243-1255.[Wang Mingfeng, Cheng Hong, Ning Yuemin. Social integration of migrants in Shanghai's urban villages[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015,70(8):1243-1255.]
[81] Lersch P M. Place Stratification or spatial assimilation? Neighbourhood quality changes after residential mobility for migrants in Germany[J]. Urban Studies, 2013,50(5):1011-1029.
[82] Musterd S, Galster G, Andersson R. Temporal dimensions and measurement of neighbourhood effects[J]. Environment and Planning A:Economy and Space, 2012,44(3):605-627.
[83] Han S, Morçöl G, Hummer D, et al. The effects of business improvement districts in reducing nuisance crimes:Evidence from philadelphia[J]. Journal of Urban Affairs, 2017,39(5):658-674.
[84] Martin S, Goodman R. Living on the Edge:New Forms of Poverty and Disadvantage on the Urban Fringe[M]. Basingstroke:Palgrave Macmillan Uk, 2016:467-486.
[85] Wang X, Hu P, Zhu Y. Location choice of chinese urban fringe residents on employment, housing, and urban services:A case study of Nanjing[J]. Frontiers of Architectural Research, 2016,5(1):27-38.
[86] 龙丁江,李雯,陈运山.国内外新城区建设中的社会空间分异研究综述[J].现代城市研究,2017(10):122-127.[Long Dingjiang, Li Wen, Chen Yunshan. Analysis of socio-spatial differentiation in the construction of new urban area[J]. Modern Urban Research, 2017(10):122-127.]
[87] 郭华,甘巧林.乡村旅游社区居民社会排斥的多维度感知——江西婺源李坑村案例的质化研究[J].旅游学刊,2011,26(8):89-96.[Guo Hua, Gan Qiaolin. Rural tourism community residents' multidimensional perception of social exclusion:A qualitative research on the case of likeng village in Wuyuan, Jiangxi Province[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2011,26(8):89-96.]