地方感的研究路径探索：心象运动论的方法

黄旭

doi:10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2021.04.001

PDF(5924 KB)

人文地理 ›› 2021, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (4) : 1-8,20. DOI: 10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2021.04.001

进展与动态

地方感的研究路径探索：心象运动论的方法

黄旭

作者信息 +

EXPLORING A RESEARCH APPROACH FOR SENSE OF PLACE: A METHOD OF MIND-IMAGE-MOTION

HUANG Xu

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

通过多理论思辨，本文认为地方感理论研究中，不同流派之间存在的三对矛盾：流动性与在地性的矛盾，历时性与即时性的矛盾，个体经验与集体意识的矛盾。为调和这三对矛盾，本文探索新的研究方法，即地方感的心象运动路径，主要包括以下内容：①心象与心象运动的概念；②心象运动的认识论；③心象运动论的研究方法。通过这些理论探索，提出地方感研究的新路径，为城市政府的社区管治、提升居民的归属感提供政策参考。

Abstract

Through multiple theoretical considerations, this paper argues that there are three pairs of contradictions between different schools of thought in the study of sense of place:The contradiction between mobility and locality, the contradiction between ephemerality and immediacy, and the contradiction between individual experience and collective consciousness. In order to reconcile these three pairs of contradictions, this paper explores a new research approach, namely, the mind-image motion of sense of place, which mainly includes the following:The concept of mind-image and mind-image-motion; the epistemology of mind-imagemotion; and the research method of mind-image-motion. First, mind-image is a mapping of consciousness that connects feelings and cognition, and the new research approach understands sense of place as an intentional flow of mind images that leads to phenomenal experiences, knowledge representations, and memories of place. Second, the analogy and multidimensional structure that human consciousness has makes the flow of mind-image-motion possible. The new approach proposes a boat-anchor metaphor for the sense of place that can help understand the mechanism and process of mind-image-motion. The sense of place can be seen as a boat anchor, while the boat represents the individual's life trajectory, and the water symbolizes the flow of human consciousness. Finally, the new research method designs an experiment on "augmented dérive method" for sense of place. A drift map was generated via a smartphone app in a real city scenario. Following a randomly generated route, participants were asked to wander through the city. By experiencing the city as an unknown space, participants also redefined the urban landscape and its sense of place with new meanings and experiences. Through these theoretical explorations, this paper expects to propose a new approach for the study of sense of place, which will provide policy reference for the community governance of urban government and enhance the sense of belonging of residents.

导出引用

黄旭. 地方感的研究路径探索：心象运动论的方法[J]. 人文地理. 2021, 36(4): 1-8,20 https://doi.org/10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2021.04.001

HUANG Xu. EXPLORING A RESEARCH APPROACH FOR SENSE OF PLACE: A METHOD OF MIND-IMAGE-MOTION[J]. HUMAN GEOGRAPHY. 2021, 36(4): 1-8,20 https://doi.org/10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2021.04.001

中图分类号： K901

参考文献

[1] Seamon D. Place attachment and phenomenology:The synergistic dynamism of place[M]//Manzo L, Wright P D. Place Attachment:Advances in Theory, Methods and Application. London:Taylor Francis Ltd, 2014:11-22.
[2] Malpas J E. Heidegger's Topology:Being, Place, World[M]. Cambridge:MIT Press, 2008:1-38.
[3] Tuan Y. Space and Place:The Perspective of Experience[M]. Minneapolis:University of Minnesota Press, 1977:3-7.
[4] 卢松,王琳琳,王立妹,等.基于CiteSpace的国外地方感知识图谱研究[J].安徽师范大学学报(自然科学版),2018,41(1):68-76.[Lu Song, Wang Linlin, Wang Limei, et al. Map analysis of sense of place research in foreign countries based on CiteSpace[J]. Journal of Anhui Normal University (Natural Science), 2018,41(1):68-76.]
[5] Drenthen M. Reading ourselves through the land:Landscape hermeneutics and ethics of place[M]//Clingerman F, Dixon M. Placing Nature on the Borders of Religion, Philosophy, and Ethics. London:Ashgate, 2011:123-138.
[6] Cooke B, West S, Boonstra W J. Dwelling in the biosphere:Exploring an embodied human-environment connection in resilience thinking[J]. Sustainability Science, 2016,11(5):831-843.
[7] Andrés D M, Dixon J, Durrheim K. Place attachment as discursive practice[M]//Manzo L, Wright P D. Place Attachment:Advances in Theory, Methods and Applications. New York:Routledge, 2014:75-86.
[8] Bonaiuto M, Alves S, Dominicis S D, et al. Place attachment and natural environmental risk:Research review and agenda[J]. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 2016,48(12):33-53.
[9] Lewicka M. Place attachment:How far have we come in the last 40 years?[J]. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 2010,31(3):207-230.
[10] Andrés D M, Daniel R W, Raymond C M, et al. Between fixities and flows:Navigating place attachments in an increasingly mobile world[J]. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 2019,61(2):125-133.
[11] 唐文跃.地方感研究进展及研究框架[J].旅游学刊,2007,22(11):70-77.[Tang Wenyue. A study progress of sense of locality and research framework[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2007,22(11):70-77.]
[12] 杜宗斌,苏勤.社区归属感对乡村旅游地居民社区参与的影响——以浙江安吉为例[J].旅游科学,2013,27(3):61-71.[Du Zongbin, Su Qin. The influence of community belonging on community participation of rural tourism residents:A case study of Anji, Zhejiang Province[J]. Tourism Science, 2013,27(3):61-71.]
[13] 黄向,保继刚,Geoffrey W. 场所依赖(place attachment):一种游憩行为现象的研究框架[J].旅游学刊,2006,21(9):19-24.[Huang Xiang, Bao Jigang, Geoffrey W. Place attachment:A conceptual framework for understanding recreational behavior[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2006,21(9):19-24.]
[14] 戴旭俊,刘爱利.地方认同的内涵维度及影响因素研究进展[J].地理科学进展,2019,38(5):662-674.[Dai Xujun, Liu Aili. Progress of connotation, dimension, and influencing factors of place identity[J]. Progress in Geography, 2019,38(5):662-674.]
[15] 封丹,朱竑, Breitung W.基于居民感知的跨界意义研究——以深港跨界居民为例[J].人文地理,2019,34(3):53-60.[Feng Dan, Zhu Hong, Breitung W. A study on the cross-border meaning based on Residents' perception:A case study of cross-border residents in Shenzhen and Hong Kong[J]. Human Geography, 2019,34(3):53-60.]
[16] 王晓明,刘瑜,张晶.地理空间认知综述[J].地理与地理信息科学, 2005,11(6):1-10.[Wang Xiaoming, Liu Yu, Zhang Jing. Geo-Spatial cognition:An overview[J]. Geography and GeoInformation Science, 2005,11(6):1-10.]
[17] 周尚意.人文主义地理学家眼中的"地方"[J].旅游学刊,2013, 28(4):6-7.[Zhou Shangyi. "Place" in the eyes of humanistic geographers[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2013,28(4):6-7.]
[18] 葛凌亚,苏勤,俞传俊,等.国内外旅游地居民地方感研究进展与启示[J].旅游论坛,2013,6(5):18-25.[Ge Lingya, Su Qin, Yu Chuanjun, et al. Study on progress of domestic and overseas tourist destination residents' sense of place and its enlightenment[J]. Tourism Forum, 2013,6(5):18-25.]
[19] 李如铁,朱竑,唐蕾.城乡迁移背景下"消极"地方感研究——以广州市棠下村为例[J].人文地理,2017,32(3):27-35.[Li Rutie, Zhu Hong, Tang Lei. A study on "negative" sense of place under the background of urban rural migration:A case study of Tangxia village in Guangzhou[J]. Human Geography, 2017,32(3):27-35.]
[20] 盛婷婷,杨钊.国外地方感研究进展与启示[J].人文地理,2015, 30(4):11-17,115.[Sheng Tingting, Yang Zhao. Research progress and enlightenment of sense of place abroad[J]. Human Geography, 2015,30(4):11-17,115.]
[21] 朱竑,李如铁,苏斌原.微观视角下的移民地方感及其影响因素——以广州市城中村移民为例[J].地理学报,2016,71(4):637-648.[Zhu Hong, Li Rutie, Su Binyuan. The migrants' sense of place and its influencing factors on a microcosmic perspective:A case study of the migrants in the urban villages in Guangzhou[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2016,71(4):637-648.]
[22] 黄潇婷,张琳琳,苘茂兰.从地域人到区域人假设的提出——旅游移动视角下关于地方感的思考[J].旅游学刊,2019,34(6):28-36.[Huang Xiaoting, Zhang Linlin, Qing Maolan. Hypothesis from local man to regional man:Rethinking about the sense of place from the perspective of tourism mobility[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2019, 34(6):28-36.]
[23] 苏勤,钱树伟.世界遗产地旅游者地方感影响关系及机理分析——以苏州古典园林为例[J].地理学报,2012,67(8):1137-1148.[Su Qin, Qian Shuwei. Influence relationship and mechanism of tourists' sense of place in world heritage sites:A case study of the classical gardens of Suzhou[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2012, 67(8):1137-1148.]
[24] 白凯,胡宪洋,吕洋洋,等.丽江古城慢活地方性的呈现与形成[J].地理学报,2017,72(6):1104-1117.[Bai Kai, Hu Xianyang, Lv Yangyang, et al. Study on the identity with placeness of slow living in Lijiang[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2017,72(6):1104-1117.]
[25] 李志刚.中国城市"新移民"聚居区居住满意度研究:以北京、上海、广州为例[J].城市规划,2011,35(12):75-82.[Li Zhigang. Research on residential satisfaction in the "new immigrants" residential areas of chinese cities:Taking Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou as examples[J]. City Planning Review, 2011,35(12):75-82.]
[26] Lu T T, Zhang F Z, Wu F L. Place attachment in gated neighborhoods in China:Evidence from Wenzhou[J]. Geoforum, 2018,92(6):144-151.
[27] Wu F L. Neighborhood attachment, social participation, and willingness to stay in China's low-income communities[J]. Urban Affairs Review, 2012,48(4):547-570.
[28] Scannell L, Gifford R. The relations between natural and civic place attachment and pro-environmental behavior[J]. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 2010,30(3):289-297.
[29] Raymond C M, Marketta K, Richard S. Sense of place, fast and slow:The potential contributions of affordance theory to sense of place[J]. Frontiers in Psychology, 2017,29(8):1674-1688.
[30] Cresswell T. Place:An Introduction (2nd ed.)[M]. Chichester:Wiley Blackwell, 2015:52-57.
[31] Massey D. Geographies of responsibility[J]. Geografiska Annaler:Series B, Human Geography, 2004,86(1):5-18.
[32] Massey D. Negotiating nonhuman/human place[J]. Antipode, 2005, 37(2):353-357.
[33] Gurney G G, Blythe J, Adams H, et al. Redefining community based on place attachment in a connected world[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2017,115:10077-10082.
[34] Qian J X, Zhu H, Liu Y. Investigating urban migrants' sense of place through a multi-scalar perspective[J]. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 2011,31(2):170-183.
[35] 孙九霞,周尚意,王宁,等.跨学科聚焦的新领域:流动的时间、空间与社会[J].地理研究,2016,35(10):1801-1818.[Sun Jiuxia, Zhou Shangyi, Wang Ning, et al. Mobility in geographical research:Time, space and society[J]. Geographical Research, 2016,35(10):1801-1818.]
[36] Zhu H, Qian J X. "Drifting" in Lhasa:Cultural encounter, contested modernity, and the negotiation of Tibetanness amidst China's geographies of modernity[J]. Social & Cultural Geography, 2016,17(7):1-21.
[37] 蔡晓梅,朱竑,刘晨.情境主题餐厅员工地方感特征及其形成原因——以广州味道云南食府为例[J].地理学报,2012,67(2):239-252.[Cai Xiaomei, Zhu Hong, Liu Chen. Characteristics and causes of situational theme restaurant staff's sense of place:A case study of the taste-Yunnan restaurant in Guangzhou[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2012,67(2):239-252.]
[38] Stedman R C. Subjectivity and social-ecological systems:A rigidity trap (and sense of place as a way out)[J]. Sustainability Science, 2016,11(6):891-901.
[39] Heft H. Environment, cognition, and culture:Reconsidering the cognitive map[J]. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 2013, 33(3):14-25.
[40] Evans J S B T, Stanovich K E. Dual-process theories of higher cognition:Advancing the debate[J]. Perspectives on Psychological Science:A Journal of the Association for Psychological Science, 2013, 8(3):223-241.
[41] Brown G, Raymond C M, Corcoran J. Mapping and measuring place attachment[J]. Applied Geography, 2015(57):42-53.
[42] 王家耀,孙群,王光霞,等.地图学原理与方法(第二版)[M].北京:科学出版社,2014:1-28.[Wang Jiayao, Sun Qun, Wang Guangxia, et al. Principles and Methods of Cartography (Second Edition)[M]. Beijing:Science Press, 2014:1-28.]
[43] Andrés D M, Dixon J. More than words:Place, discourse and the struggle over public space in Barcelona[J]. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 2015,12(1):45-60.
[44] Bailey E, Devine W P, Batel S. Using a narrative approach to understand place attachments and responses to power line proposals:The importance of life-place trajectories[J]. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 2016,48(7):200-211.
[45] Bonaiuto M, Alves S, Dominicis S D, et al. Place attachment and natural hazard risk:Research review and agenda[J]. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 2016,48(7):33-53.
[46] Hausmann A, Slotow R, Burns J K, et al. The ecosystem service of sense of place:Benefits for human well-being and biodiversity conservation[J]. Environmental Conservation, 2016,43(2):117-127.
[47] Masterson V A, Stedman R C, Johan E, et al. The contribution of sense of place to social-ecological systems research:A review and research agenda[J]. Ecology and Society, 2017,22(1):49-63.
[48] 王洋,于立.国外"人-地情感"的标绘研究引介:作为规划决策制定的辅助工具和公众参与途径[J].国际城市规划,2019,34(4):102-110.[Wang Yang, Yu Li. People-place emotion mapping as the instrumental tool for decision-making and approach to public participation in planning:An introduction[J]. Urban Planning International, 2019,34(4):102-110.]
[49] Bridger A J. Psychogeography and feminist methodology[J]. Feminism & Psychology, 2013,23(3):285-298.
[50] Debord G. Introduction to a Critique of Urban Geography[M]. British Columbia:Praxis (e) Press, 2008:23-27.
[51] 王昭风. 从景观空间中突围——一种心理地理学的批判[J]. 现代哲学, 2004,20(4):52-57.[Wang Zhaofeng. Breakout from the spectacular space:A sort of psychogeographical criticise[J]. Modern Philosophy, 2004,20(4):52-57.]
[52] Weiland M, Self W. Psychogeography:Disentangling the modern conundrum of psyche and place[J]. Publishers Weekly, 2007,2(11):7-8.
[53] Ellard C. Places of the Heart:The Psychogeography of Everyday Life[M]. New York:Bellevue Literary Press, 2015:11-28.
[54] 赵燕慧,路紫,白龙.心理地理学视角下空难暴露人群心理应激机制分析及其理论延伸[J].人文地理,2018,33(3):20-26.[Zhao Yanhui, Lu Zi, Bai Long. Analysis of the psychological stress mechanism of the exposed population in the air crash from the perspective of psychogeography and its theoretical extension[J]. Human Geography, 2018,33(3):20-26.]
[55] Sternberg R J. Cognitive Psychology[M]. New York:Harcourt Brace College Publishers, 1996:159-219.
[56] 陈毓芬.电子地图的空间认知研究[J].地理科学进展,2001,20(Z1):63-68.[Chen Yufen. Research on spatial cognition of electronic map[J]. Progress in Geography, 2001,20(Z1):63-68.]
[57] 鲁学军,秦承志,张洪岩,等.空间认知模式及其应用[J].遥感学报, 2005,20(3):277-285.[Lu Xuejun, Qin Chengzhi, Zhang Hongyan, et al. Spatial cognitive mode and its application[J]. Journal of Remote Sensing, 2005,20(3):277-285.]
[58] 郑束蕾,邓毅博,陈毓芬,等.从眼动实验看地图学实验的哲学意义及作用[J].测绘科学,2015,40(1):28-32.[Zheng Shulei, Deng Yibo, Chen Yufen, et al. Function discussion on cartographic cognitive experimental methods from philosophical view by eye movement experiment[J]. Science of Surveying and Mapping, 2015,40(1):28-32.]
[59] 黄妍,袁孝亭.引导学生认识"地理过程"的教学策略[J].地理教学, 2015,57(8):13-15.[Huang Yan, Yuan Xiaoting. Teaching strategies to guide students to understand the "geographical process"[J]. Geography Teaching, 2015,57(8):13-15.]
[60] 王向东,高燕.基于PCKg的地理过程知识教学视角及教学策略研究[J].地理教学,2016,58(16):19-22.[Wang Xiangdong, Gao Yan. Research on teaching perspective and teaching strategy of geographic process knowledge based on PCKg[J]. Geography Teaching, 2016,58(16):19-22.]
[61] 王剑,龙毅,颜言,等.基于自然语言路径描述的地图空间认知研究[J].测绘科学,2012,37(5):38-40.[Wang Jian, Long Yi, Yan yan, et al. Map spatial cognition research based on route description in natural Chinese language[J]. Science of Surveying and Mapping, 2012, 37(5):38-40.]
[62] Cheng P C, Lowe R K, Scaife M. Cognitive science approaches to understanding diagrammatic representations[J]. Artificial Intelligence Review, 2001,15(1/2):79-94.
[63] Hogan P C. The Mind and Its Stories:Narrative Universals and Human Emotion[M]. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 2003:158-160.
[64] 周洁丽.基于动态认知的城市街道空间的可意象性研究[D].无锡:江南大学,2012:29-48.[Zhou Jieli. Research on the Iconicity of Urban Street Space Based on Dynamic Cognition[D]. Wuxi:Jiangnan University, 2012:29-48.]
[65] Sheller M, Urry J. The new mobilities paradigm[J]. Environment and Planning A, 2006,38(2):207-226.
[66] Silva A D, Sutko D M. Theorizing locative technologies through philosophies of the virtual[J]. Communication Theory, 2011,21(1):23-42.
[67] DeSouza S A, Hjorth L. Playful urban spaces:A historical approach to mobile games[J]. Simulation & Gaming, 2009,40(5):602-625.
[68] 叶超.人文地理学空间思想的几次重大转折[J].人文地理,2012, 27(5):1-5.[Ye Chao. The significant turns of thoughts on space in human geography[J]. Human Geography, 2012,27(5):1-5.]
[69] 叶超,蔡运龙.地理学方法论演变与价值判断[J].地理研究,2010, 29(5):947-958.[Ye Chao, Cai Yunlong. The geographical methodology between subjectivity and objectivity[J]. Geographical Research, 2010,29(5):947-958.]
[70] Ingalls M L, Kohout A, Stedman R C. When places collide:Power, conflict and meaning at Malheur[J]. Sustainability Science, 2019, 14(3):625-638.
[71] Leila S, Robert G. The relations between natural and civic place attachment and pro-environmental behavior[J]. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 2010,30(3):289-297.
[72] Murphy A, Enqvist J P, Tengö M. Place-making to transform urban social-ecological systems:Insights from the stewardship of urban lakes in Bangalore, India[J]. Sustainability Science, 2019,14(2):607-623.
[73] Briggs L, Stedman R, Krasny M. Place attachment and social-ecological system sustainability examined through the voices of indigenous Guatemalan women[J]. Sustainability Science, 2019,14(3):655-667.
[74] Verbrugge L, Buchecker M, Garcia X, et al. Integrating sense of place in planning and management of multifunctional river landscapes:Experiences from five European case studies[J]. Sustainability Science, 2019,14(3):669-680.