家庭生命周期对旅游者行为的影响研究

段婉粉; 吴晋峰; 石晓腾; 郑朝忠

doi:10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2022.01.015

PDF(44350 KB)

人文地理 ›› 2022, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (1) : 126-137. DOI: 10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2022.01.015

旅游

家庭生命周期对旅游者行为的影响研究

段婉粉^1,2, 吴晋峰^1,2, 石晓腾¹, 郑朝忠¹

作者信息 +

A STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE OF FAMILY LIFE CYCLE ON TOURIST BEHAVIORS

DUAN Wan-fen^1,2, WU Jin-feng^1,2, SHI Xiao-teng¹, ZHENG Chao-zhong¹

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

揭示家庭生命周期对旅游者行为的影响可以为家庭旅游精准营销提供依据。将城镇居民的家庭生命周期分为筑巢期、满巢Ⅰ期、满巢Ⅱ期、空巢期4个阶段，探究家庭生命周期对其旅游行为的影响，发现：①家庭生命周期影响旅游者的目的地选择行为，不同家庭生命周期旅游者的景区到访率距离衰减速率不同；②家庭生命周期影响旅游者的旅游活动类型偏好，满巢期旅游者偏好的旅游活动类型相对较多；③家庭生命周期影响旅游者交通方式选择行为，满巢期旅游者多选择自驾和飞机出游，筑巢期和空巢期旅游者多选择火车出游；④家庭生命周期可作为家庭旅游市场的细分变量，家庭旅游市场可据此分为筑巢期、满巢期、空巢期三个细分市场。

Abstract

Revealing the impact of family life cycle on tourist behaviors can provide a basis for precision marketing of family tourism. Taking Beijing, Shanghai, Xi'an, Chengdu as examples, the family life cycle is divided into nesting period (married without children), full nest-period (married children under 5 years old), full nest-period (married children 6 to 18 years old), empty nest period (married children over 19 years old), based on 2386 questionnaires, using the nonparametric test and IDW spatial interpolation method, to explore the impact of family life cycle on tourist behaviors, the study found that:1) Family life cycle affects tourists' choice of tourism destination. The visiting frequent of different family life cycles tourists have different distance decay rates of target scenic spots. Tourists in empty nest period have more slower decay rate than tourists in full nest period and nesting period. 2) Family life cycle affects tourists' tourism activity type preferences. Tourists in nesting period prefer to the camping and adventure tourism activities, tourists in full nest period prefer to the natural scenery, theme parks and vacation tourism activities, and tourists in empty nest period prefer to the rural vacation and visiting museum tourism activities. 3) Family life cycle affects tourists' choice of transportation mode. The proportion of tourists in the full nest period choosing self-driving and airplane travel is more higher than the others, while the proportion of tourists in the nesting period and empty nest period choosing train travel is more higher than the others. 4) Family life cycle can be used for the family tourism market segmentation. According to the family life cycle, the family tourism market can be divided into three segments:Nesting period market, full nest period market and empty nest period market.

导出引用

段婉粉, 吴晋峰, 石晓腾, 郑朝忠. 家庭生命周期对旅游者行为的影响研究[J]. 人文地理. 2022, 37(1): 126-137 https://doi.org/10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2022.01.015

DUAN Wan-fen, WU Jin-feng, SHI Xiao-teng, ZHENG Chao-zhong. A STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE OF FAMILY LIFE CYCLE ON TOURIST BEHAVIORS[J]. HUMAN GEOGRAPHY. 2022, 37(1): 126-137 https://doi.org/10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2022.01.015

中图分类号： F590

参考文献

[1] 许春晓, 田媛, 姜漫, 等.家庭生命周期与旅游态度的关联研究——以长沙市居民为例[J].旅游学刊, 2012, 27(9):65-72.[Xu Chunxiao, Tian Yuan, Jiang Man, et al. Study on the correlation between family life circle and travel attitude:Taking residents in Changsha for example[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2012, 27(9):65-72.]
[2] 中国旅游研究院.2018中国家庭旅游市场需求报告[EB/OL]. (2018-05-18)[2018-08-01]. http://www.199it.com/archives/755466.html.[China Tourism Academy. 2018 China family tourism market demand report[EB/OL]. (2018-05-18)[2018-08-01]. http://www.199it.com/archives/755466.html.]
[3] 秦明.旅游心理学[M].北京:北京大学出版社, 2005:184.[Qin Ming. Travel Psychology[M]. Beijing:Peking University Press, 2005:184.]
[4] 郭洋洋, 高军.国内旅游者行为研究进展[J].资源开发与市场, 2020, 36(9):1028-1033.[Guo Yangyang, Gao Jun. Research progress and trend analysis of domestic tourist behavior[J]. Resource Development & Market, 2020, 36(9):1028-1033.]
[5] 张立生.近期国外旅游学研究进展——《Annals of Tourism Research》文献分析[J].旅游学刊, 2004, 19(3):82-88.[Zhang Lisheng. On the progress of foreign tourism research in recent years:An analysis of papers published in the Annals of Tourism Research[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2004, 19(3):82-88.]
[6] 林岚, 许志晖, 丁登山.旅游者空间行为及其国内外研究综述[J].地理科学, 2007, 27(3):434-439.[Lin Lan, Xu Zhihui, Ding Dengshan. Spacial behavior of tourists research[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2007, 27(3):434-439.]
[7] 张潇, 陆林, 徐雨晨.基于《Tourism Geographies》的近十年国外旅游地理研究进展[J].人文地理, 2019, 34(6):26-34, 109.[Zhang Xiao, Lu Lin, Xu Yuchen. Research progress of foreign tourism geography based on Tourism Geographies in recent years[J]. Human Geography, 2019, 34(6):26-34, 109.]
[8] 马耀峰, 张佑印, 白凯, 等.中国入境外国游客旅游行为研究[J].人文地理, 2008, 23(2):82-86, 105.[Ma Yaofeng, Zhang Youyin, Bai Kai, et al. A study on tourists' behavior of inbound international visitors in China[J]. Human Geography, 2008, 23(2):82-86, 105.]
[9] 赵荣, 王斌, 张结魁.西安市国内游客旅游行为研究[J].西北大学学报(自然科学版), 2002, 32(4):429-432.[Zhao Rong, Wang Bin, Zhang Jiekui. A study of travel behavior of domestic tourists in Xi'an city[J]. Journal of Northwest University(Natural Science Edition), 2002, 32(4):429-432.]
[10] Kim S S, McKercher B. The collective effect of national culture and tourist culture on tourist behavior[J]. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 2011, 28(2):145-164.
[11] Baloglu S, Henthorne T L, Sahin S. Destination image and brand personality of Jamaica:A model of tourist behavior[J]. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 2014, 31(8):1057-1070.
[12] Lee T H. A structural model to examine how destination image, attitude, and motivation affect the future behavior of tourists[J]. Leisure Sciences, 2009, 31(3):215-236.
[13] Alvazar M C H, Pineor M S, Maya S R D. The effect of user-generated content on tourist behavior:The mediating role of destination image[J]. Tourism & Management Studies, 2014, 10(Especial):158-164.
[14] McKercher B, Shoval N, Park E, et al. The limited impact of weather on tourist behavior in an urban destination[J]. Journal of Travel Research, 2015, 54(4):442-455.
[15] 邱扶东, 吴明证.旅游决策影响因素研究[J].心理科学, 2004, 27(5):1214-1217.[Qiu Fudong, Wu Mingzheng. A research on tourism decision-making and its influencing factors[J]. Journal of Psychological Science, 2004, 27(5):1214-1217.]
[16] 王斌, 赵荣.西安市市民出游行为研究[J].人文地理, 2002, 17(5):21-24.[Wang Bin, Zhao Rong. A study on traveling behavior of Xi'an residents[J]. Human Geography, 2002, 17(5):21-24.]
[17] 吴必虎, 唐俊雅, 黄安民, 等.中国城市居民旅游目的地选择行为研究[J].地理学报, 1997, 52(2):3-9.[Wu Bihu, Tang Junya, Huang Anmin, et al. A study on tourist destination choice behavior of Chinese urban residents[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 1997, 52(2):3-9.]
[18] Manosuthi N, Lee J S, Han H. Impact of distance on the arrivals, behaviors and attitudes of international tourists in Hong Kong:A longitudinal approach[J]. Tourism Management, 2020, 78:1-26.
[19] Xu E L, Zhang Y. The effect of distance on tourist behavior:A study based on social media data[J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 2020, 82:1-12.
[20] 王兆峰, 谢娟.旅游网站信息搜寻对旅游者行为决策影响的评价分析[J].人文地理, 2013, 28(6):142-146.[Wang Zhaofeng, Xie Juan. Analysis on information search in tourism website on tourists' decision-making behavior[J]. Human Geography, 2013, 28(6):142-146.]
[21] Darumurti R, Avenzora R, Tutut S, et al. Gender aspect of tourist behavior in eco-village tourism destination[J]. International Journal of Sciences:Basic and Applied Research, 2019, 46(2):115-127.
[22] 张红, 孙根年.西安市国内游客地域结构及旅游行为研究[J].人文地理, 1999, 14(4):50-53, 25.[Zhang Hong, Sun Gennian. Investigation on regional structure and tourism behavior of Chinese inner tourists in Xi'an city[J]. Human Geography, 1999, 14(4):50-53, 25.]
[23] 陆恒芹, 苏勤.国外家庭旅游研究综述[J].旅游研究, 2017, 9(2):66-76.[Lu Hengqin, Su Qin. A literature review on overseas family tourism research[J]. Tourism Research, 2017, 9(2):66-76.]
[24] Forgas-Coll S, Palau-Saumell R, Matute J, et al. How do service quality, experiences and enduring involvement influence tourists' behavior? An empirical study in the Picasso and Miro museums in Barcelona[J]. International Journal of Tourism Research, 2017, 19(2):246-256.
[25] 赵志峰, 杨振之.英文文献中文化价值观对旅游行为影响的研究进展[J]. 人文地理, 2017, 32(5):25-32, 112.[Zhao Zhifeng, Yang Zhenzhi. Progress of English literature of influence of cultural values on tourist behavior[J]. Human Geography, 2017, 32(5):25-32, 112.]
[26] 白凯, 张娇, 璩亚杰.双元孝道对家庭旅游决策行为的影响研究[J]. 旅游科学, 2018, 32(1):62-73.[Bai Kai, Zhang Jiao, Qu Yajie. A research on the impact of dual filial piety on family tourism decisionmaking behavior[J]. Tourism Science, 2018, 32(1):62-73.]
[27] 张娟飞.如何对不同家庭生命周期的旅游者使用激励策[J].旅游纵览(下半月), 2016(5):18-19.[Zhang Juanfei. How to use incentives for travelers with different family life cycles[J]. Tourism Overview (second half), 2016(5):18-19.]
[28] 倪玉屏, 汪德根.城市不同类型家庭结构的居民出游行为差异分析——以苏州市为例[J].资源开发与市场, 2008, 24(1):70-73.[Ni Yuping, Wang Degen. A comparative analysis on urban tourists behavior of different types family:Illustration of Suzhou city[J]. Resource Development & Market, 2008, 24(1):70-73.]
[29] 杨学燕, 金海龙.居民出游决策行为与家庭结构的关系探讨——以宁夏回族自治区为例[J].旅游学刊, 2004, 19(4):14-18.[Yang Xueyan, Jin Hailong. A discussion on the relationship between travel decision-making behaviors of residents and family structures[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2004, 19(4):14-18.]
[30] Wang K C, Hsieh A T, Yeh Y C, et al. Who is the decision maker:The parents or the child in group package tours[J]. Tourism Management, 2004, 25(2):183-194.
[31] Tomic S, Lekovic K, Tadic J. Consumer behavior:The influence of age and family structure on the choice of activities in a tourist destination[J]. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istra?ivanja, 2019, 32(1):755-771.
[32] 曾丽艳.城市居民旅游行为的家庭结构分异研究——以长沙市为例[J].资源开发与市场, 2008, 24(10):950-952.[Zeng Liyan. Study on family structure in terms of travel behavior for urban residents:A case study of Changsha[J]. Resource Development & Market, 2008, 24(10):950-952.]
[33] Pooley C G, Jones T, Jones H, et al. Family formation and everyday travel in Britain since 1850[J]. The History of the Family, 2018, 23(2):290-306.
[34] McCarthy L, Delbosc A, Currie G, et al. Factors influencing travel mode choice among families with young children (aged 0-4):A review of the literature[J]. Transport Reviews, 2017, 37(6):767-781.
[35] 严艳, 周文, 张佑印.基于市场的西安城市家庭旅游决策研究[J].地域研究与开发, 2010, 29(4):78-81.[Yan Yan, Zhou Wen, Zhang Youyin. Researches on family tourism decision making based on the market[J]. Areal Research and Development, 2010, 29(4):78-81.]
[36] 黄国庆, 赵毅.我国青少年学生旅游市场营销策略[J].资源开发与市场, 2003, 19(6):422-424.[Huang Guoqing, Zhao Yi. Study on the strategies of Chinese youth students tourist marketing[J]. Resource Development & Market, 2003, 19(6):422-424.]
[37] 赵幼芳.试论我国国内旅游的青少年学生市场[J].旅游学刊, 1996(4):33-35.[Zhao Youfang. Try to talk about young students of domestic tourism in China market[J]. Tourism Tribune, 1996(4):33-35.]
[38] 吴宝清, 吴晋峰, 石晓腾, 等.有多少人"慕名而来"?——旅游景区到访率与知名度的关系研究[J].旅游学刊, 2020, 35(1):78-94.[Wu Baoqing, Wu Jinfeng, Shi Xiaoteng, et al. How many people will visit a destination after hearing about it? The relationship between visiting rate and destination awareness[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2020, 35(1):78-94.]
[39] 罗维, 吴晋峰, 白倩文, 等.旅游目的地选择的学历群体差异——以北京、西安、武汉城市居民为例[J].干旱区资源与环境, 2020, 34(10):201-208.[Luo Wei, Wu Jinfeng, Bai Qianwen, et al. Discrepancy of destination choice among different educated groups:Case study of urban residents in Beijing, Xi'an and Wuhan cities[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2020, 34(10):201-208.]
[40] Lawson R W. The family life cycle:A demographic analysis[J].Journal of Marketing Management, 2010, 4(1):13-32.
[41] Paul G. The family cycle[J]. National Council on Family Relations, 1947, 9(3):58.
[42] Ghanbaripanah A, Mohamed S M, Roslee A. Structural analysis of family dynamics across family life cycle in Iran[J]. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2013, 84(2):486-490.
[43] Bojanic D C. The impact of age and family life experiences on Mexican visitor shopping expenditures[J]. Tourism Management, 2011, 32(2):406-414.
[44] 戚文绘, 赵珂铭, 尹燕.基于家庭生命周期理论的乡村旅游偏好研究——以南京市浦口区为例[J].农村经济与科技, 2020, 31(11):102-106.[Qi Wenhui, Zhao Keming, Yin Yan. Research on rural tourism preference based on family life cycle theory:A case study of Pukou district, Nanjing[J]. Rural Economy and Science-Technology, 2020, 31(11):102-106.]
[45] 刘英杰.基于家庭生命周期的度假旅游目的地选择分异研究——以沈阳市居民为例[J].中外企业家, 2016(5):217-218.[Liu Yingjie. Differentiation of vacation destination selection based on family life cycle:A case study of Shenyang residents[J]. Chinese & Foreign Entrepreneurs, 2016(5):217-218.]
[46] 刘伟, 林汉生.SPSS在完全随机设计多个样本间多重比较Nemenyi秩和检验中的应用[J].中国卫生统计, 2009, 26(2):214-216.[Liu Wei, Lin Hansheng. Application of SPSS in Nemenyi test of multiple comparisons among completely random designed samples[J]. Chinese Journal of Health Statistics, 2009, 26(2):214-216.]
[47] 刘瑜, 龚俐, 童庆禧.空间交互作用中国的距离影响及定量分析[J]. 北京大学学报(自然科学版), 2014, 50(3):526-534.[Liu Yu, Gong Li, Tong Qingxi. Quantifying the distance effect in spatial interactions[J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 2014, 50(3):526-534.]
[48] 李海涛, 邵泽东.空间插值分析算法综述[J].计算机系统应用, 2019, 28(7):1-8.[Li Haitao, Shao Zedong. Review of spatial interpolation analysis algorithms[J]. Computer Systems & Applications, 2019, 28(7):1-8.]
[49] 白凯, 马耀峰.旅游者购物偏好行为研究——以西安入境旅游者为例[J].旅游学刊, 2007, 22(11):52-57.[Bai Kai, Ma Yaofeng. Research on shopping preference behavior of tourists:Taking inbound tourists in Xi'an as an example[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2007, 22(11):52-57.]
[50] 王成金.中国交通流的衰减函数模拟及特征[J].地理科学进展, 2009, 28(5):690-696.[Wang Chengjin. Function simulation and regularity of distance decay of inter-urban traffic flow in China[J]. Progress in Geography, 2009, 28(5):690-696.]
[51] Cliff A D, Martin R L. Evaluating the friction of distance parameter in gravity models[J]. Regional Studies, 1974, 8(3/4):281-286.
[52] 石晓腾, 吴晋峰, 吴宝清, 等.旅游交通方式比例结构跃迁现象与跃迁带模型——以国内旅游为例[J].经济地理, 2020, 40(2):189-199.[Shi Xiaoteng, Wu Jinfeng, Wu Baoqing, et al. The phenomenon of the domestic tourism transportation mode transition and model[J]. Economic Geography, 2020, 40(2):189-199.]
[53] McKercher B. The implicit effect of distance on tourist behavior:A comparison of short and long haul pleasure tourists to Hong Kong[J]. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 2008, 25(3/4):367-381.
[54] Yang Y, Liu H B, Li X, et al. A shrinking world for tourists? Examining the changing role of distance factors in understanding destination choices[J]. Journal of Business Research, 2018, 92:350-359.
[55] 白倩文, 吴晋峰, 罗维, 等.旅游目的地选择行为的收入群体差异——以北京、武汉、西安城镇居民为例[J].人文地理, 2020, 35(5):150-160.[Bai Qianwen, Wu Jinfeng, Luo Wei, et al. Discrepancy of tourism destination choice among the different income groups:A case study of Beijing, Wuhan, and Xi'an[J]. Human Geography, 2020, 35(5):150-160.]
[56] Yee T P, Ismail H N. A review of distance decay research trends in tourism from 2000-2020[J]. Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal, 2020, 5(14):137-145.
[57] McKercher B, Mak B. The impact of distance on international tourism demand[J]. Tourism Management Perspectives, 2019, 31:340-347.
[58] McKercher B, Lew A A. Distance decay and the impact of effective tourism exclusion zones on international travel flows[J]. Journal of Travel Research, 2003, 42(2):159-165.
[59] Taylor P J. Distance transformation and distance decay functions[J]. Geographical Analysis, 1971, 3(3):221-238.
[60] Liu Y P, Li Y C, Parkpian P. Inbound tourism in Thailand:Market form and scale differentiation in ASEAN source countries[J]. Tourism Management, 2018, 64:22-36.
[61] 陆林.山岳风景区旅游者空间行为研究——兼论黄山与美国黄石公园之比较[J].地理学报, 1996, 51(4):315-321.[Lu Lin. A study on the spacial behavior of tourists in mountain resorts:Giving consideration to comparison of the travelling spacial behavior between tourists in Huangshan mountain and in Yellowstone park[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 1996, 51(4):315-321.]