Abstract：Spatial structure is the basis for optimizing the regional functions of urban agglomerations. According to the theories of new urbanization and spatial structure, the process of spatial structure differentiation of the urban agglomeration in the Beibu Gulf in Guangxi was studied, with spatial self-organization and inverse distance weighting methods employed. The results showed that: 1) The spatial-temporal differentiation of the scale, attributes and the functions is obvious in the Beibu Gulf urban agglomeration. Its spatial differentiation pattern takes Nanning city as its center and presents itself as a "core-periphery" differentiation pattern. The concentration of Nanning city increased from 34.17% to 44.33%, and the standard deviation decreased from 21.37% to 13.79%. That indicate that the role of large cities in the temporal and spatial agglomeration is gradually expanding. 2) The urban spatial agglomeration and structural differentiation continue to increase. In the past ten years, the concentration of social and economic spatial expansion was 51.85% and 44.12% respectively, while population and land urbanization were only 2.96% and 1.08%. The spatial expansion considering social and economic elements is markedly faster than that of population and land elements, further analyzing the differences in the expansion intensity of various elements, it can be found that the spatial expansion intensity of various elements in recent ten years is ranked from large to small as: Total import and export trade, fixed asset investment, non-agricultural output value, the GDP and total retail sales of consumer goods, and the expansion intensity of other factors is very small. 3) The urban area has the closest relationship with spatial structure. The expansion of investment, trade, the GDP and non-agricultural grows rapidly, while the spatial expansion of population and land elements has lagged remarkably.
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