Abstract:After the new century, with the reconstruction of the global economic system and the new transformation of the relationship between urban and rural areas, globalization has accelerated the compression of time and space, and the uneven development of geographical space has led to the rapid flow of population, resources, capital and information. These new spatial changes have influenced villages in the south of the world, including China, and the spatial form has become more dynamic and complex. In 2017, the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward the "strategy and practice of Rural Revitalization"for the first time, and Rural Revitalization has become an important key point of national governance. All kinds of rural space practice projects are increasing day by day and are in full swing. The development and changes of these rural spaces are connected with the reorganization of the global spatial structure, showing a multi-scale pattern. Human beings and nonhuman and other heterogeneous elements are intertwined, which makes the rural space no longer mean and static, but shows the relationship and process of overlapping and flowing. Therefore, how to master the complex and diverse society-material patterns, conditions and mechanisms of spatial operation, power relations and multi-scale dynamic trends in rural areas? A new interpretation framework is needed. Taking this as an opportunity, this paper puts forward a new theoretical orientation: Rural socio-material assemblages, as a theoretical tool to explain the complex multi-experience phenomenon in contemporary rural areas. Firstly, this paper sorts out the theoretical context of rural research, and provides theoretical foundation for rural socio-material assemblages. Secondly, this paper analyzes what is the rural social-material assemblages? Finally, starting with the transformation and development of rural space in China, this paper attempts to analyze the applicability of the rural social-material assemblages theory and the possibility of theoretical localization.
王瑶. 乡村的社会—物质拼装:开启乡村研究的新视角[J]. 人文地理, 2023, 38(2): 145-154.
WANG Yao. RURAL SOCIO-MATERIAL ASSEMBLAGES: A NEW PERSPECTIVE FOR RURAL STUDIES. HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, 2023, 38(2): 145-154.
Harvey D. The Condition of Postmodernity[M]. Oxford:Basil Blackwell, 1989:240.
[2]
Harvey D. The art of rent:Globalisation, monopoly and the commodification of culture[M]//Panitch L, Leys C. A World of Contradictions:The Socialist Register. London:Merlin, 2002:93-110.
[3]
Lefebvre H. Space:Social product and use value[M]//Freiberg J W. Critical Sociology:European Perspective. New York:Irvington, 1979:285-295.
[4]
Smith N. Uneven Development:Nature, Capital, and the Production of Space[M]. Athens:University of Georgia Press, 2010.
[5]
Halfacree K H. Locality and social representation:Space, discourse and alternative definitions of the rural[J]. Journal of Rural Studies, 1993,9(1):23-37.
[6]
Halfacree K H. Talking about rurality:Social representations of the rural as expressed by residents of six English parishes[J]. Journal of Rural Studies, 1995,11(1):1-20.
[7]
Mormont M. Who is rural?or, how to be rural:Towards a sociology of the rural[M]//Marsden T, Lowe P, Whatmore S. Rural Restructuring. Global Processes and Their Responses, London:David Fulton Publishers, 1990:21-44.
[8]
Cloke P. Conceptualizing rurality[M]//Cloke P, Marsden T, Mooney P. Handbook of Rural Studies. London:Sage, 2006:18-28.
[9]
Philo C. Neglected rural geographies:A review[J]. Journal of Rural Studies, 1992,8(2):193-207.
[10]
Jackson P. Rematerializing social and cultural geography[J]. Social and Cultural Geography, 2000,1(1):9-14.
[11]
Thrift N. Space[J]. Theory, Culture and Society, 2006,23(2/3):139-146.
[12]
Massey D. Politics and space/time[J]. New Left Review, 1992, 19(6):65-84.
[13]
Massey D. For Space[M]. London:Sage, 2005:9-15.
[14]
Goodwin M. Regions, territories and relationality:Exploring the regional dimensions of political practice[J]. Regional Studies, 2013, 47(8):1181-1190.
[15]
Tonkiss F. Template urbanism:Four points about assemblage[J]. City, 2011,15(5):584-588.
[16]
Deleuze G. Guattari F, A Thousand Plateaus[M]. London:Bloomsbury Academic, 1987:503.
[17]
Deleuze G, Guattari F. Anti-oedipus:Capitalism and Schizophrenia[M]. Hurley R, Seem M, Lane H R, trans, London:Athlone, 1983:116.
[18]
Anderson B, Mcfarlane C. Assemblage and geography[J]. Area, 2011,43(2):124-127.
[19]
王志弘.拼装都市论与都市政治经济学之辩[J].地理研究(台), 2015(62):109-122.[Chih-Hung W. The debate between assemblage urbanism and urban political economy[J]. Journal of Geographical Research, 2015(62):109-122.]
[20]
McFarlane C. Translocal assemblages:Space, power and social movements[J]. Geoforum, 2009,40(4):561-567.
[21]
Farías I. Introduction:Decentring the object of urban studies[M]//Farías I, Bender T. Urban Assemblages:How Actor-Network Theory Changes Urban Studies. London and New York:Taylor and Francis, 2010:1-24.
[22]
Wise J M, Assemblage[M]//Stivale C J. Gilles deleuze:Key concepts.Montreal:McGill-Queen's University Press, 2005:77-87.
[23]
Baker T, Mcguirk P. Assemblage thinking as methodology:Commitments and practices for critical policy research[J].Territory Politics Governance, 2017,5(4):425-442.
[24]
Nail T. What is an assemblage?[J]. SubStance, 2017,46(1):21-37.
[25]
Nail T. Deleuze, occupy, and the actuality of revolution[J/OL]. Theory & Event, 2013,16(1).(2013-03-13)[2022-12-11]. http://muse.jhu.edu/login?auth=0&type=summary&url=/journals/theory_and_event/v016/16.1.nail.html.
[26]
Patton P, Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari[M]//Elliot A, Turner B S. Profiles in Contemporary Social Theory. London:Sage Publications, 2001:205-215.
[27]
Wirth P, Elis V, Müller B, et al. Peripheralisation of small towns in Germany and Japan-Dealing with economic decline and population loss[J]. Journal of Rural Studies, 2016,47:62-75.
[28]
Wang C M. Assembling lettuce export markets in east Asia:Agrarian warriors, climate change and kinship[J]. Sociologia Ruralis, 2018,58(4):909-927.
[29]
Jones L, Heley J, Woods M. Unravelling the global wool assemblage:Researching place and production networks in the global countryside[J]. Sociologia Ruralis, 2019,59(1):137-158.
[30]
Carolan M, Stuart D. Get real:Climate change and all that 'it' entails[J]. Sociologia Ruralis, 2016,56(1):74-95.
[31]
王志弘.空间作为方法:社会与物的空间本体论[J].地理学报(台), 2018(90):1-26.[Chih-Hung W. Space as method:Spatial ontology of "the social" and objects[J]. Journal of Geographical Science, 2018(90):1-26.]
[32]
Halfacree K. Rural space:Constructing a three-fold architecture[M]//Cloke P, Marsden T, Mooney P. Handbook of Rural Studies. London:Sage, 2006:44-62.
[33]
Halfacree K. Trial by space for a 'radical rural':Introducing alternative localities, representations and lives[J]. Journal of Rural Studies, 2007,23(9):125-141.
[34]
Lefebvre H. The Production of Space[M]. Oxford:Basil Blackwell, 1991:285.
[35]
Angelo H. Hard-wired experience:Sociomateriality and the urban everyday[J]. City, 2011,15(5):570-576.
[36]
Brenner N, Madden D J, Wachsmuth D. Assemblage urbanism and the challenges of critical urban theory[J]. City, 2011,15(2):225-240.
[37]
McFarlane C. Assemblage and critical urbanism[J]. City, 2011, 15(2):204-224.
[38]
McFarlane C. On context:Assemblage, political economy and structure[J]. City, 2011,15(3/4):375-388.
[39]
Brenner N, Madden J, Wachsmuth D. Assemblage urbanism and the challenges of critical urban theory[J]. City, 2011,15(2):225-240.
[40]
林子新.找回尺度的阶序结构:迈向空间的意识形态政治[J].地理学报(台),2011(62):19-48.[Zi-xin L. Bringing the hierarchical structure of scales back in:Toward the ideological politics of space[J]. Journal of Geographical Science, 2011(62):19-48.]
[41]
Harvey D. Social Justice and the City[M]. Oxford:Basil Blackwell, 1973:13-14.
[42]
Cook I. Follow the thing:Papaya[J]. Antipode, 2004,36(4):642-664.
[43]
Woods M. Engaging the global countryside:Globalization, hybridity and the reconstitution of rural place[J]. Progress in Human Geography, 2007,31(4):485-507.
[44]
Mol A, Law J. Regions, networks and fluids:Anaemia and social topology[J]. Social Studies of Science, 1994,24(4):641-671.
[45]
Law J, Hetherington K. Materialities, globalities, spatialities[M]//Bryson J R, Daniels P, Pollard J, et al. Knowledge Space Economy. London:Psychology Press, 2000:34-49.
[46]
Law J, Mol A. Situating technoscience:An inquiry into spatialities[J]. Environment and Planning D:Society and Space, 2001, 19(5):609-621.
[47]
Law J. Objects and spaces[J]. Theory Culture & Society, 2002,19(5/6):91-105.
[48]
Graham S, McFarlane C. Infrastructural Lives:Urban Infrastructure in Context[M]. Oxon and New York:Routledge, 2015.
[49]
Harvey P, Jensen C B, Morita A. Introduction:Infrastructural complications[M]//Harvey P, Jensen B, Morita A. Infrastructures and Social Complexity:A Companion. Abingdon, Oxon:Routledge, 2017:1-22.
[50]
Carse A. Keyword:Infrastructure:How a humble french engineering term shaped the modern world[M]//Harvey P, Jensen C B, Morita A. Infrastructures and Social Complexity:A Companion. Abingdon, Oxon:Routledge, 2017:27-39.
[51]
Harvey D. The limits to capital[J]. Historical Materialism, 1982,16(4):213-224.
[52]
Furlong K. Geographies of infrastructure I:Economies[J]. Progress in Human Geography, 2020,44(3):572-582.
[53]
Furlong K. Geographies of infrastructure II:Concrete, cloud and layered (in) visibilities[J]. Progress in Human Geography, 2021,45(1):190-198.
[54]
Furlong K. Geographies of infrastructure III:Infrastructure with Chinese characteristics[J]. Progress in Human Geography, 2022,46(3):729-932.
[55]
Hughes T P. The evolution of large technological systems[M]//Wiebe E B, Hughes T P, Trevor J P. The Social Construction of Technological Systems:New Directions in the Sociology and History of Technology. Cambridge, MA:The MIT Press, 1989:51-82.
[56]
Edwards P N. Infrastructure and modernity:Force, time and social organization in the history of sociotechnical systems[M]//Thomas J M, Philip B, Andrew F. Modernity and Technology. Cambridge, MA:The MIT Press, 2003:185-225.
[57]
Barry A. Material Politics:Disputes along the Pipeline[M]. Hoboken, NJ:John Wiley & Sons, 2013.
[58]
Mitchell T. The Rule of Experts:Egypt, Techno-Politics, Modernity[M]. Berkeley, CA:University of California Press, 2002.
[59]
Von Schnitzler A. Citizenship prepaid:Water, calculability, and techno-politics in South Africa[J]. Journal of Southern, 2008,34(4):899-917,
[60]
Carse A. Beyond the Big Ditch:Politics, Ecology, and Infrastructure at the Panama Canal[M]. Cambridge, MA:The MIT Press. 2014:1-23.
[61]
Larkin B. The politics and poetics of infrastructure[J]. Annual Review of Anthropology, 2013,42:327-343.
[62]
Delanda M. A New Philosophy of Society:Assemblage Theory and Social Complexity[M]. London & New York:Continuum, 2006:1-7.
[63]
Delanda M. Assemblage Theory[M]. Edinburgh:Edinburgh University Press, 2016:51-67.
[64]
Rouse J. Power/knowledge[M]//Gutting G. The Cambridge Companion to Foucault. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 1994:95-122.
[65]
王骥懋.乡村与农业食粮研究:机会与挑战[J].台湾乡村研究,2018(13):1-34.[Chi-Mao W. Rural studies and agrarian change:looking back and forward[J]. Taiwanese Journal of Rural Studies, 2018(13):1-34.]
[66]
Deleuze G. Quest-ce qu'un dispositif?[M]//Fragoso R, Júniort HRC. Deux RéGimes De Fous:Texts Et Entretiens 1975-1995. Paris:Les Éditions de Minuit, 2003.
[67]
Foucault M. The confession of the flesh[M]//Gordon C, Wheatsheaf H. Power/Knowledge:Selected Interviews and Other Writings. New York:Pantheon Books, 1980:194-228.
[68]
Anderson B, Kearnes M, McFarlane C, et al. On assemblages and geography[J]. Dialogues in Human Geography, 2012,2(2):171-189.
[69]
Agamben G. Qu'est-ce Qu'un Dispositif?[M]. Rueff M, trans. Paris:Éditions Payot & Rivages, 2007.
[70]
Brossat A.傅柯的"布置"观念[J].洪菁励,译,文化研究,2008(6):230-240.[Brossat A. La Notion de 《Dispositif》 Chez Michel Foucault[J]. Jing-Li H, trans, A Journal of Cultural Studies, 2008(6):230-240.]
[71]
Giorgio A. Qu'est-ce Qu'Un Dispositif?[M]. Rueff M, trans. Paris:Payot, Rivages and Petite, 2007.
[72]
杨成瀚.部署的系谱学及其不满:评阿冈本《什麽是部署?》[J].文化研究,2008(8):241-247.[Chen-Han Y. The genealogy of the dispositif and its discontents:A review of giorgio agamben's qu'est-ce qu'un dispositif?[J]. A Journal of Cultural Studies, 2008(8):241-247.]
[73]
吴传钧.论地理学的研究核心-人地关系地域系统[J].经济地理, 1991,11(3):1-6.[Wu Chuanjun. On the core of the study of geography-the regional system of human-land relations[J]. Economic Geography, 1991,11(3):1-6.]
[74]
陆大道.关于地理学的"人-地系统"理论研究[J].地理研究,2002, 21(2):135-145.[Lu Dadao. Theoretical studies of man-land system as the core of geographical science[J]. Geographical Research, 2002,21(2):135-145.]
[75]
刘彦随,周扬,李玉恒.中国乡村地域系统与乡村振兴战略[J].地理学报,2019,74(12):2511-2528.[Liu Yansui, Zhou Yang, Li Yuheng. Rural regional system and rural revitalization strategy in China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2019,74(12):2511-2528.]
[76]
龙花楼,屠爽爽.乡村重构的理论认知[J].地理科学进展,2018,37(5):581-590.[Long Hualou, Tu Shuangshuang. Theoretical thinking of rural restructuring[J]. Progress in Geography, 2018, 37(5):581-590.]
[77]
杨洁莹,张京祥,张逸群.市场资本驱动下的乡村空间生产与治理重构:对婺源县Y村的实证观察[J].人文地理,2020,35(3):86-92, 114.[Yang Jieying, Zhang Jingxiang, Zhang Yiqun. Rural space production and governance restructuring driven by market capital:A case study of Y village in Wuyuan[J]. Human Geography, 2020, 35(3):86-92,114.]
[78]
周尚意,许伟麟.时空压缩下的中国乡村空间生产:以广州市域乡村投资为例[J].地理科学进展,2018,37(5):647-654.[Zhou Shangyi, Xu Weilin. A geographical analysis on the positive investment projects in rural vitalization under time-space compression:A case study of Guangzhou city[J]. Progress in Geography, 2018, 37(5):647-654.]
[79]
刘美新,蔡晓梅,麻国庆.乡村民宿"家"的生产过程与权力博弈:广东惠州上良村案例[J].地理科学,2019,39(12):1884-1893.[Liu Meixin, Cai Xiaomei, Ma Guoqing. The production of "home" and power negotiations in the rural guesthouses:The case of Shangliang village, Huizhou, Guangdong[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2019,39(12):1884-1893.]
[80]
辛宇,林耿,林元城.数字技术力量下的乡村重构[J].地理科学进展,2022,41(7):1300-1311.[Xin Yu, Lin Geng, Lin Yuancheng. Rural reconstruction under the impact of digital technology[J]. Progress in Geography, 2022,41(7):1300-1311.]
[81]
吕祖宜,林耿.混杂性:关于乡村性的再认识[J]地理研究,2017,36(10):1873-1885.[Lv Zuyi, Lin Geng. Hybridity:rethinking rurality[J]. Geographical Research, 2017,36(10):1873-1885.]
[82]
刘敬华.乡村旅游地的乡村性概念辨析[J].山西农业大学学报(社会科学版),2018,17(11):38-43.[Liu Jinghua. A concept discrimination on rurality of rural toursim destination[J]. Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University (Social Science Edition), 2018, 17(11):38-43.]
[83]
黄清燕,白凯.陕西袁家村跨地方的乡村性生产与呈现[J].地理研究,2020,39(4):922-938.[Huang Qingyan, Baikai. Translocal rurality production and presentation of Yuanjia village of Shanxi province[J].Geographical Research, 2020,39(4):922-938.]
[84]
张圆刚,余向洋,程静静,等.基于地方情感的游客乡村游憩行为意向模型建构与影响研究[J].地理科学, 2019, 39(11):1796-1805.[Zhang Yuangang, Yu Xiang Yang, Cheng Jingjing, et al. Rural travel behavior intention model construction and impact based on place emotion[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2019, 39(11):1796-1805.]
[85]
林耿,王念,产斯友.乡村建筑营造:认同的建构[J].地理科学,2020, 40(4):518-527.[Lin Geng, Wang Nian, Chan Siyou. Rural architecture tectonics:Construction of identity[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2020,40(4):518-527.]
[86]
郭文.空间意义的叠写与地方认同:中国最后一个原始部落翁丁案例[J].地理研究,2020,39(11):2449-2465.[Guo Wen. The superscription of spatial meaning and local identity of the last primitive tribe of Wengding village, China[J]. Geographical Research, 2020, 39(11):2449-2465.]
[87]
马云,钱俊希,唐雪琼.基于集体记忆的红色旅游地地方性建构:以云南宾川新庄红军村为例[J].热带地理,2022,42(6):997-1008.[Ma Yun, Qian Junxi, Tang Xueqiong. The construction of place in red tourism destinations based on collective memory:A case study of the Xinzhuang red army village, Binchuan, Yunnan[J]. Tropical Geography, 2022,42(6):997-1008.]
[88]
安传艳,翟洲燕,李同昇.传统村落空间的表征与话语权力:基于文本话语的分析[J].地理科学,2022,42(4):702-710.[An Chuanyan, Zhai Zhouyan, Li Tongsheng. Representation and discourse power of traditional village space based on the text analysiss[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2022,42(4):702-710.]
[89]
尹铎,朱竑.云南典型山地乡村农业扶贫的机制与效应研究:以特色经济作物种植为例[J].地理学报,2022,77(4):888-899.[Yin Duo, Zhu Hong.The mechanism and comprehensive effect of poverty alleviation with characteristic agriculture in typical mountainous rural areas of Yunnan province:A case study on the production of special cash crops[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2022,77(4):888-899.]
[90]
王勇,朱雅琴.行动者网络视角下江南水乡古镇空间演化路径:以周庄古镇为例[J].人文地理,2020,35(6):76-84.[Wang Yong, Zhu Yaqin. The spatial evolution path of ancient water towns in southern yangtze river based on the actor-network perspective:A case study of Zhouzhuang ancient town[J]. Human Geography, 2020, 35(6):76-84.]
[91]
陈燕纯,杨忍,王敏.基于行动者网络和共享经济视角的乡村民宿发展及空间重构:以深圳官湖村为例[J].地理科学进展,2018,37(5):718-730.[Chen Yanchun, Yang Ren, Wang Min. Development process of rural homestay tourism and spatial restructuring with the actor-network method from the perspective of shared economy:A case study of Guanhu village in Shenzhen[J]. Progress in Geography, 2018,37(5):718-730.]
[92]
林煦丹,朱竑,尹铎.物质地理学的研究进展和启示:追踪物质(following the things)视角[J].地理科学进展,2021,40(7):1235-1245.[Lin Xudan, Zhu Hong, Yin Duo. Progress of the material geography studies with the perspective of "following the things" and implications[J]. Progress in Geography, 2021,40(7):1235-1245.]
[93]
蔡晓梅,曹婧,刘俊.拼装理论在人文地理学研究中的应用与展望[J].地理学报,2022,77(10):2633-2649.[Cai Xiaomei, Cao Jing, Liu Jun. The application and prospect of assemblage theory in human geography research[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2022,77(10):2633-2649.]
[94]
王丹,刘祖云.国外乡村空间研究的进展与启示[J].地理科学进展, 2019,38(12):1991-2002.[Wang Dan, Liu Zuyun. Progress and implications of international rural space research[J]. Progress in Geography, 2019,38(12):1991-2002.]
[95]
胡晓亮,李红波,张小林,等.乡村概念再认知[J].地理学报,2020,75(2):398-409.[Hu Xiaoliang, Li Hongbo, Zhang Xiaolin, et al. On the re-cognition of rural definitions[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2020,75(2):398-409.]
[96]
王丰龙,刘云刚.多样vs.分裂:论中国人文地理学发展的多元性及其挑战[J].地理科学, 2019, 39(1):22-30.[Wang Fenglong, Liu Yungang. Diversity vs. division:The pluralism and its challenges for contemporary chinese human geography[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2019,39(1):22-30.]
[97]
Brenner N, Schmid C. Towards a new epistemology of the urban?[J]. City, 2015,19(2/3):151-182.
[98]
Webber M. Primitive accumulation in modern China[J]. Dialectical Anthropology, 2008,32(4):299-320.
[99]
严海蓉,陈义媛.中国农业资本化的特征和方向:自下而上和自上而下的资本化动力[J].开放时代,2015(5):49-69.[Yan Hanrong, Chen Yiyuan. Characteristics and direction of agricultural capitalization in China:Bottom-up and top-down capitalization dynamics[J]. Open Times, 2015(5):49-69.]
[100]
Woods M. Deconstructing rural protest:The emergence of a new social movement[J]. Journal of Rural Studies, 2003,19(3):309-325.
[101]
Woods M. New Labour's Countryside:Rural Policy in Britain Since 1997[M]. Bristol:Policy Press, 2008.