好客的东道主：目的地居民对游客的帮助行为研究

董楠; 白长虹; 妥艳媜

doi:10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2023.03.019

PDF(2305 KB)

人文地理 ›› 2023, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (3) : 173-181. DOI: 10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2023.03.019

旅游

好客的东道主：目的地居民对游客的帮助行为研究

董楠¹, 白长虹², 妥艳媜¹

作者信息 +

HOSPITABLE HOST: EXPLORING THE RESIDENTS’HELPING BEHAVIOR TO TOURIST

DONG Nan¹, BAI Chang-hong², TUO Yan-zheng¹

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

目的地居民对游客的帮助行为是居民在主客交往中的好客行为，对建立友好型旅游目的地具有重要影响。然而，现有研究对于目的地居民的帮助行为是什么、如何帮助等问题还缺乏深入探讨。本文通过扎根理论方法分析得到，目的地居民对游客的帮助行为包括指导型帮助、参与型帮助和替代型帮助；目的地居民对游客的帮助行为遵循着情境判断—身份认同—帮助实施的行动逻辑，且个人特质在这一过程起到双向调节作用；目的地居民对游客的帮助行为有助于主客关系构筑，具体表现在声誉累积、印象改观、体验提升和信任增进四个方面。研究探索了目的地居民对游客的帮助行为类型，分析了目的地居民帮助行为的实施过程及其对主客关系的影响，也为如何鼓励目的地居民的帮助行为，推动地方旅游业高质量发展提供了实践建议。

Abstract

The helping behavior of destination resident to tourist is a hospitable behavior of resident between host-guest interaction, which is important to establish a friendly tourism destination. However, the existing researches have a lack of to identify what the helping behavior of resident is and how the tourist could be helped. This paper adopts the grounded theory to explore these questions, and finds that the helping behavior of resident includes guiding help, participatory help and alternative help. The process mechanism of helping behavior is under the logic of situational judgment-tourist identity-help implementation, meanwhile, the personal characteristics play a two-way regulatory role in this process. Moreover, the results of resident's helping behavior are reputation accumulation, impression improvement, experience improvement and trust enhancement.The paper explores the types of destination resident's helping behavior to tourist, analyzes the process of how the resident helped the tourist, and establishes the relationship between destination resident's helping behavior and host-guest relationship. This paper explores the host-guest interaction from the theoretical perspective of inter-group helping behavior, that is, the destination resident act as the host (helper) of the inner group, the tourist act as the guest (receiver) of the outer group, in this way, the destination resident’s helping behavior is under the influence of the inner-group identity. It also enriches the research content of helping behavior, and could provide some theoretical reference for the discussion of the encounter process of helping behavior in other situations. The practical suggestions on how to encourage destination residents' helping behavior to promote the high-quality development of local tourism are also discussed.

导出引用

董楠, 白长虹, 妥艳媜. 好客的东道主：目的地居民对游客的帮助行为研究[J]. 人文地理. 2023, 38(3): 173-181 https://doi.org/10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2023.03.019

DONG Nan, BAI Chang-hong, TUO Yan-zheng. HOSPITABLE HOST: EXPLORING THE RESIDENTS’HELPING BEHAVIOR TO TOURIST[J]. HUMAN GEOGRAPHY. 2023, 38(3): 173-181 https://doi.org/10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2023.03.019

中图分类号： F590.7

参考文献

[1] 李天元,向招明.目的地旅游产品中的好客精神及其培育[J].华侨大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2006(4):66-72.[Li Tianyuan, Xiang Zhaoming. On hospitality spirit in tourism and its development[J]. Journal of Huaqiao University (Philosophy and Social Sciences), 2006(4):66-72.]
[2] 王大悟.论旅游城市环境的好客性[J].旅游科学,2001(2):8-9.[Wang Dawu. On the environment hospility of tourist cities[J]. Tourism Science, 2001(2):8-9.]
[3] 杨钦钦,谢朝武.冲突情景下旅游安全感知的作用机制:好客度的前因影响与旅游经验的调节效应[J].南开管理评论,2019,22(3):148-158.[Yang Qinqin, Xie Chaowu. The mechanism of tourism safety perception in conflict situation:The antecedent influence of hospitality and the moderating effect of tourism experience[J]. Nankai Business Review, 2019,22(3):148-158.]
[4] Su M M, Long Y, Wall G, et al. Tourist-community interactions in ethnic tourism:Tuva villages, Kanas scenic area, China[J]. Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change, 2016,14(1):1-26.
[5] 李海娥.基于游客视角的旅游地主客交往行为研究[J].学习与实践,2015(4):67-73.[Li Hai'e. Exploring host-guest interaction behavior in tourism destinationfrom the perspective of tourist[J]. Study and Practice, 2015(4):67-73.]
[6] 胡晶晶,曹诗图.旅游发展与"和谐社会"的构建[J].桂林旅游高等专科学校学报,2007,18(4):484-487,549.[Hu Jingjing, Cao Shitu. Tourism development and the construction of harmonious society[J]. Journal of Guilin Institute of Tourism, 2007,18(4):484-487,549.]
[7] 李正欢.旅游业"好客"研究的多维视野审视[J].北京第二外国语学院学报,2009,31(11):25-31.[Li Zhenghuan. The study on hospitality in tourism industry:Multidimensional perspectives[J]. Journal of Beijing International Studies University, 2009,31(11):25-31.]
[8] Heal F. Hospitality in Early Modern England[M]. Oxford:Clarendon Press, 1990:102.
[9] 王宁.旅游中的互动本真性:好客旅游研究[J].广西民族大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2007,29(6):18-24.[Wang Ning. Interactive authenticity in tourism:A case study on hospitality tourism[J]. Journal of Guangxi University for Nationalities (Philosophy and Social Science Edition), 2007,29(6):18-24.]
[10] 陈志钢,刘丹,刘军胜.基于主客交往视角的旅游环境感知与评价研究:以西安市为例[J].资源科学,2017,39(10):1930-1941.[Chen Zhigang, Liu Dan, Liu Junsheng. Tourism environment perception and evaluation based on host-tourist interactions in Xi'an city[J]. Resources Science, 2017,39(10):1930-1941.]
[11] De C D, Haq I U, Raja U, et al. When is an Islamic work ethic more likely to spur helping behavior:The roles of despotic leadership and gender[J]. Personnel Review, 2018,47(3):630-650.
[12] Wang X J, Wang N, Han S F,et al. The influence of risk situation on helping behavior:The role of attachment type[J]. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 2018,50(11):1292-1302.
[13] Paciello M, Fida R, Cerniglia L, et al. High cost helping scenario:The role of empathy, prosocial reasoning and moral disengagement on helping behavior[J]. Personality and Individual Differences, 2013,55(1):3-7.
[14] Tehila K, Ilana R. Helping an outgroup member or the outgroup:The identifiability effect in an intergroup context[J]. Springer International Publishing, 2017(5):87-102.
[15] Schlenker B R, Britt T W. Strategically controlling information to help friends:Effects of empathy and friendship strength on beneficial impression management[J]. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 2001,37(5):357-372.
[16] Dovidio J F. Helping behavior and altruism:An empirical and conceptual overview[J]. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 1984,17(4):361-427.
[17] Maccannell D. Reconstructed ethnicity tourism and cultural identity in third world communities[J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 1984, 11(3):375-391.
[18] 孙九霞.旅游中的主客交往与文化传播[J].旅游学刊,2012,27(12):20-21.[Sun Jiuxia. The host-guest interaction and cultural communication in tourism[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2012,27(12):20-21.]
[19] 朱丽叶·科宾,安塞尔姆·施特劳斯.质性研究的基础:形成扎根理论的程序与方法(第3版)[M].朱光明,译.重庆:重庆大学出版社, 2015:18-21.[Corbin J, Strauss A. The Basis of Qualitative Research:Procedures and Methods for Forming the Grounded Theory (3rd edition)[M]. Zhu Guangming, trans. Chongqing:Chongqing University Press, 2015:18-21.]
[20] 贾旭东,何光远,陈佳莉,等.基于"扎根精神"的管理创新与国际化路径研究[J].管理学报,2018,15(1):11-19.[Jia Xudong, He Guangyuan, Chen Jiali, et al. Research on the management innovation and internationalization path with the grounded spirit[J]. Chinese Journal of Management, 2018,15(1):11-19.]
[21] 凯瑟琳·埃森哈特,梅丽莎·格瑞布纳(张丽华,何威,译).由案例构建理论的机会与挑战[J].管理世界,2010(4):125-130.[Eschenhardt K,Grebner M (Zhang Lihua, He Wei, trans). Opportunity and challenge of constructing theory from casestudy[J]. Management World, 2010(4):125-130.]
[22] Mile M B, Huberman A M. Qualitative Data Analysis:An Expanded Sourcebook[M]. London:Sage Publications, 1994:36-37.
[23] Kinsey M J, Gwynne S M V, Kuligowski E D, et al. Cognitive biases within decision making during fire evacuations[J]. Fire Technology, 2018,55:465-485.
[24] Penner L A, Orom H. Enduring goodness:A person by-situation perspective on prosocial behavior[M]//Mikulincer M, Shaver P R. Prosocial Motives, Emotions, and Behavior:The Better Angels of Our Nature. Washington D C:American Psychological Association, 2009:55-72.
[25] Tajfel H. The social identity theory of intergroup behavior[J]. Psychology of Intergroup Relations, 1986,13(3):7-24.
[26] Preston S D, DeWaal F B M. Empathy:Its ultimate and proximate bases[J]. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 2002,25(1):1-20.
[27] Levine M, Prosser A, Evans D, et al. Identity and emergency intervention:How social group membership and inclusiveness of group boundaries shape helping behavior[J]. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2005,31(4):443-453.
[28] Curry O S, Rowland L A, Lissa C V, et al. Happy to help?A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of performing acts of kindness on the well-being of the actor[J]. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 2018,76:320-329.
[29] 张豪,张向前.基于指导理论的帮助行为分类与量表开发[J].软科学,2018,32(12):132-135.[Zhang Hao, Zhang Xiangqian. Classification and scale development of helping behaviors based on mentoring theory[J]. Soft Science, 2018,32(12):132-135.]
[30] Moller A C, Deci E L, Ryan R. Choice and ego-depletion:The moderating role of autonomy[J]. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2006,32:1024-1036.
[31] Lefevor G T, Fowers B J. Traits, situational factors, and their interactions as explanations of helping behavior[J]. Personality and Individual Differences, 2016,92:159-163.
[32] Thomas E F, Amiot C E, Louis W R, et al. Collective selfdetermination:How the agent of help promotes pride, well-being, and support for intergroup helping[J]. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2017,43(5):662-677.
[33] Weisel O, Böhm R. "Ingroup love" and "outgroup hate" in intergroup conflict between natural groups[J]. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 2015,60:110-120.
[34] 李东,王玉清,陈玥彤,等.社区嵌入式目的地居民主观幸福感探测与亲旅游行为研究——正、负影响感知的调节效应[J].地域研究与开发,2020,39(4):109-114.[Li Dong,Wang Yuqing, Chen Yuetong. Research on subjective well-being detection and pro-tourism behavior of residents in community embedded destination:The conditional effect of positive and negative perception[J]. Areal Research and Development, 2020,39(4):109-114.]
[35] Zhang S Q, Chen N, Hsu C H. Facial expressions versus words:Unlocking complex emotional responses of residents toward tourists[J]. Tourism Management, 2021,83:1-13.
[36] Serene T, Vincent W S T. Residents' discrimination against tourists[J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 2021,88:1-4.
[37] Ap J. Residents' perceptions on tourism impacts[J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 1992,19(4):665-690.
[38] Wassler P, Nguyen T, Mai L Q, et al. Social representations and resident attitudes:A multiple-mixed-method approach[J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 2019,78:1-13.
[39] Nadler A. Intergroup helping relations[J]. Current Opinion in Psychology, 2016,11:64-68.