Abstract：The distribution of rural settlements is an important manifestation of man-land relationship in specific regions. Exploring the distribution of rural settlement space in the mountains is an important basic work that reveals the regional characteristics of the rural human-land relationship system in the mountains. This paper is based on Shaanxi Province in the south section of Qinba Mountains as a typical case area. It uses raster cost weighted distance, geographical spatial analysis, accessibility and geographical detectors to systematically analyze the characteristics and influencing factors of rural settlement space in the mountains of Yangxian County. The results show that:the accessibility of Yangxian County has obvious spatial difference, which shows the zonal distribution characteristics extending along the traffic roads. Mountainous rural settlements distribution has significant low elevation and clustering orientation. Yangxian rural settlements are mostly distributed in low-level southern and low-level areas in the south, showing the agglomeration distribution trend. The absolute number and relative proportion of the countryside have gradually increased with the improvement of the level. In the regional system of mountainous areas, natural conditions such as elevation, slope, precipitation, and temperature,as well as education and medical treatment are the key factors affecting the distribution of rural settlement space in the research area.
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