15min步行生活圈视角下基础保障类设施空间优化配置——以乌鲁木齐市为例

唐钰婷; 杜宏茹

doi:10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2025.01.016

PDF(7054 KB)

人文地理 ›› 2025, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (1) : 154-161. DOI: 10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2025.01.016

城市

15min步行生活圈视角下基础保障类设施空间优化配置——以乌鲁木齐市为例

唐钰婷^1,2, 杜宏茹^1,2

作者信息 +

STUDY ON THE SPATIAL OPTIMIZATION CONFIGURATION OF BASIC INDEMNIFICATORY SERVICE FACILITIES BASED ON THE PERSPECTIVE OF 15- MINUTE WALKING LIVING CIRCLE: A CASE OF URUMQI

TANG Yu-ting^1,2, DU Hong-ru^1,2

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

补齐公共服务设施短板，形成高效合理的设施空间配置格局是社区生活圈建设的基础要求。基于生活圈基础保障设施建设现状，根据“优化设施筛选—新增设施数量—新增设施布局”思路，构建高效配置要求下的基础保障类设施优化方案：①通过分析居民步行 15 min范围内基础保障类设施的分布情况及建设规划，筛选出有优化需求的设施。②使用 Kmeans 聚类方法识别新增设施带来收益增长变缓的临界点，得到最佳新增设施数量。③结合核密度分析和区位配置模型，制定设施空间优化配置的具体方案。本文以乌鲁木齐市为案例进行实证研究，结果显示，在保证设施空间均衡布局和基本服务人口规模的前提下，综合考虑低成本、高效益的配置目标，针对养老院、公园广场和消防站 3 种基础保障设施，优化配置方案使设施覆盖率平均提升24.68%。

Abstract

Mending the short boards of public service facilities and creating an efficient and well-organized spatial configuration pattern of facilities are the basic requirements for construeting of community living areas. Based on the current situation of the construction of basic security facilities in the living area, according to the idea of "facility selection—increased number of facilities—location of increased facilities", the optimization plan of indemnificatory service facilities is constructed under the requirement of efficient configuration. the optimization plan is as follows: 1) Based on the 15-minute walking areas, obtain the proportion of living circles with basic indemnificatory service facilities and the current construction, and screen out the facilities with optimization requirements. 2) Simulate the process of adding facilities based on the K-means clustering method, identify the critical point of slowing down the growth of revenue from new facilities, and obtain the optimal number of new facilities. 3) Relying on the kernel density analysis and location-allocation model, the optimal spatial allocation of facilities is determined.

导出引用

唐钰婷, 杜宏茹. 15min步行生活圈视角下基础保障类设施空间优化配置——以乌鲁木齐市为例[J]. 人文地理. 2025, 40(1): 154-161 https://doi.org/10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2025.01.016

TANG Yu-ting, DU Hong-ru. STUDY ON THE SPATIAL OPTIMIZATION CONFIGURATION OF BASIC INDEMNIFICATORY SERVICE FACILITIES BASED ON THE PERSPECTIVE OF 15- MINUTE WALKING LIVING CIRCLE: A CASE OF URUMQI[J]. HUMAN GEOGRAPHY. 2025, 40(1): 154-161 https://doi.org/10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2025.01.016

中图分类号： K901

参考文献

[1] 肖作鹏,韩来伟,柴彦威.生活圈规划嵌入国土空间规划的思考[J]. 规划师,2022,38(9):145-151. [Xiao Zuopeng, Han Laiwei, Chai Yanwei. Review on embedding life cycle planning in territorial space planning system[J]. Planners, 2022,38(9):145-151.]
[2] 中华人民共和国自然资源部.自然资源部关于加强国土空间详细规划工作的通知 [EB/OL]. (2023-03-23) [2024-05-01]. https://m. mnr.gov.cn/gk/tzgg/202303/t20230324_2779294.html. [Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China. Notice of the Ministry of Natural Resources on strengthening the detailed spatial planning of the land[EB/OL]. (2023-03-23) [2024-05-01]. https://m. mnr.gov.cn/gk/tzgg/202303/t20230324_2779294.html.]
[3] 中华人民共和国自然资源部.TD/T1062-2021,社区生活圈规划技术指南[S].北京:地质出版社,2021. [Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China. TD/T1062-2021, Spatial planning guidance to community life unit[S]. Beijing: Geology Press, 2021.]
[4] 马文军,李亮,顾娟,等.上海市15分钟生活圈基础保障类公共服务设施空间布局及可达性研究[J]. 规划师,2020,36(20):11-19. [Ma Wenjun, Li Liang, Gu Juan, et al. Research on spatial layout and accessibility of infrastructural public service facilities in the 15 minute life circle, Shanghai[J]. Planners, 2020,36(20):11-19.]
[5] 张恺,程文.哈尔滨市基础保障类公共服务设施公平性评价[C] //中国城市规划学会.人民城市，规划赋能——2022中国城市规划年会论文集（19住房与社区规划）北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2023: 13. [Zhang Kai, Cheng Wen. Fairness evaluation of basic public service facilities in harbin city[C] //China Urban Planning Society. People's Cities, Planning Empowerment-Proceedings of the 2022 China Urban Planning Annual Conference (19 Housing and Community Planning). Beijing: China Architecture Publishing House, 2023:13.]
[6] 韩增林,董梦如,刘天宝,等.社区生活圈基础教育设施空间可达性评价与布局优化研究：以大连市沙河口区为例[J].地理科学,2020, 40(11):1774-1783. [Han Zenglin, Dong Mengru, Liu Tianbao, et al. Spatial accessibility evaluation and layout optimization of basic education facilities in community life circle: A case study of Shahekou in Dalian[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2020,40(11):1774-1783.]
[7] 王建英,谢朝武,陈帅.景区智慧旅游设施的优化布局：以泉州古城为例[J]. 经济地理,2019,39(6):223-231. [Wang Jianying, Xie Chaowu, Chen Shuai. Layout optimization of smart tourism facilities in scenic areas: Taking ancient city of Quanzhou as an example[J]. Economic Geography, 2019,39(6):223-231.]
[8] 赵立志,高思琪. 基于人口密度的社区卫生服务设施布局优化研究：以北京市中心城区为例[J]. 城市发展研究,2020,27(4):26-32. [Zhao Lizhi, Gao Siqi. Research on optimization of community health service facilities layout based on population density: Taking central urban area of Beijing for an example[J]. Urban Development Studies, 2020,27(4):26-32.]
[9] 田玲玲,张晋,王法辉,等.公平与效率导向下农村公共医疗资源的空间优化研究：以湖北省仙桃市为例[J].地理科学,2019,39(9):1455-1463. [Tian Lingling, Zhangjin, Wang Fahui, et al. Rural public medical resources allocation spatial optimization towards equity and efficiency access: A case study on Xiantao city, hubei province[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2019,39(9):1455-1463.]
[10] 孙道胜,柴彦威.城市社区生活圈体系及公共服务设施空间优化：以北京市清河街道为例[J]. 城市发展研究,2017,24(9):7-14,25,2. [Sun Daosheng, Chai Yanwei. Study on the urban community life sphere system and the optimization of public service facilities: A case study of Qinghe area in Beijing[J]. Urban Development Studies, 2017,24(9):7-14,25,2.]
[11] 王爱,付伟,陆林,等.基于15分钟生活圈的住区公共服务设施配置研究[J].人文地理,2023,38(4):72-80. [Wang Ai, Fu Wei, Lu Lin, et al. Research on spatial configuration of public facilities in residential district based on 15-minute life-circles[J]. Human Geography, 2023,38(4):72-80.]
[12] 孙德芳,沈山,武廷海.生活圈理论视角下的县域公共服务设施配置研究：以江苏省邳州市为例[J]. 规划师,2012,28(8):68-72. [Sun Defang, Shen Shan, Wu Tinghai. Life circle theory based county public service distribution: Jiangsu Pizhou case[J]. Planners, 2012, 28(8):68-72.]
[13] 韩增林,杜鹏,王利,等.区域公共服务设施优化配置方法研究：以大连市甘井子区兴华街道小学配置为例[J].地理科学,2014,34(7): 803-809. [Han Zenglin, Du Peng, Wang Li, et al. Method for optimization allocation of regional public service infrastructure: A case study of Xinghua Street primary school[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2014,34(7):803-809.]
[14] 王嘉欣,朱玮.孤独症人群友好的公共服务设施配置策略[J].城市规划,2022,46(12):75-86. [Wang Jiaxin, Zhu Wei. Allocation strategies for asd-friendly urban public service facilities[J]. City Planning Review, 2022,46(12):75-86.]
[15] 湛东升,张文忠,谌丽,等.城市公共服务设施配置研究进展及趋向[J]. 地理科学进展,2019,38(4):506-519. [Zhan Dongsheng, Zhang Wenzhong, Chen Li, et al. Research progress and its enlightenment of urban public service facilities allocation[J]. Progress in Geography, 2019,38(4):506-519.]
[16] Revelle C S, Laporte G. The plant location problem: New models and research prospects[J]. Operations Research, 1996,44(6):864-874.
[17] 李国旗,张锦,刘思婧.城市应急物流设施选址的多目标规划模型[J]. 计算机工程与应用,2011,47(19):238-241. [Li Guoqi, Zhang Jin, Liu Siqian. A multi-objective planning model for siting urban emergency logistics facilities[J]. Computer Engineering and Applications, 2011,47(19):238-241.]
[18] Gu W, Wang X, McGregor S. E. Optimization of preventive health care facility locations[J]. International Journal of Health Geographics, 2010,9(1):17.
[19] 陈志宗,尤建新.重大突发事件应急救援设施选址的多目标决策模型[J]. 管理科学,2006,19(4):10-14. [Chen Zhizong, You Jianxin. A multi-objective decision model of emergency rescue facility location for large-scale emergency incidents[J]. Journal of Management Science, 2006,19(4):10-14.]
[20] 陶卓霖,程杨,戴特奇,等.公共服务设施布局优化模型研究进展与展望[J].城市规划,2019,43(8):60-68,88. [Tao Zhuolin, Cheng Yang, Dai Teqi, et al. Multi-object planning model of urban emergency logistics facilities location[J]. City Planning Review, 2019,43(8):60-68,88.]
[21] 王冰倩,陈晓键.西安纺织城地区公园绿地布局优化研究[J].规划师, 2020,36(2):12-19. [Wang Bingqian, Chen Xiaojian. Optimization of park space layout in Textile city, Xi'an [J]. Planners, 2020,36(2):12-19.]
[22] 祝明明,罗静,余文昌,等.城市POI火灾风险评估与消防设施布局优化研究：以武汉市主城区为例[J].地域研究与开发,2018,37(4): 86-91. [Zhu Mingming, Luo Jin, Yu Wenchang, et al. Urban fire risk evaluation and location optimization of fire station based on the POI: A case study of main urban region in Wuhan[J]. Areal Research and Development. 2018,37(4):86-91.]
[23] 罗蕾,罗静,田玲玲,等.基于改进区位配置模型的农村就医空间优化布局研究：以湖北省仙桃市为例[J].地理科学,2016,36(4):530-539. [Luo Lei, Luo Jing, Tian Lingling, et al. Spatial locationallocation optimization for rural hospital with a improved regional allocation model: A case study in Xiantao city of Hubei province [J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2016,36(4):530-539.]
[24] 陶卓霖,戴特奇,宋长青.空间公平导向的城市医疗设施优化配置模型研究[J]. 地理学报, 2023, 78(2): 474-489. [Tao Zhuolin, Dai Teqi, Song Changqing. lmproving spatial equity-oriented locationallocation models of urban medical facilities[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2023,78(2):474-489.]
[25] 谢小华,王瑞璋,文东宏,等.医疗设施布局的GIS优化评价：以翔安区医疗设施为例[J]. 地球信息科学学报,2015,17(3):317-328. [Xie Xiaohua, Wang Ruizhang, Wen Donghong, et al. Evaluating the medical facilities layout based on GIS: An application of Xiang'an District[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2015, 17(3):317-328.]
[26] 张金光,韦薇,承颖怡,等.基于GIS适宜性评价的中小城市公园选址研究[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2020,44(1):171-178. [Zhang Jinguang, Wei Wei, Cheng Yingyi, et al. Study on site selection of small and medium-sized city parks based on GIS suitability evaluation[J]. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Sciences Edition), 2020,44(1):171-178.]
[27] 徐智邦,周亮,蓝婷,等. 基于POI数据的巨型城市消防站空间优化：以北京市五环内区域为例[J].地理科学进展,2018,37(4):535-546. [Xu Zhibang, Zhou Liang, Lan Ting, et al. Spatial optimization of mega-city fire stations based on POI data: An example of the area within the fifth ring road of Beijing[J]. Progress in Geography, 2018,37(4):535-546.]
[28] 金凤君.空间组织与效率研究的经济地理学意义[J].世界地理研究, 2007(4): 55-59. [Jin Fengjun. Research on spatial organization and efficiency of economic geography and its significance[J]. World Regional Studies, 2007(4):55-59.]
[29] 裘知,郭建峰,金波.国内城市公共服务设施配置研究初探[J].建筑与文化, 2023(3): 84-86. [Qiu Zhi, Guo Jianfeng, Jin Bo. An overview on the allocation of urban public service facilities in China[J]. Architecture & Culture, 2023(3):84-86.]
[30] 王影. 时空圈视角下西安中心城区居住区公共服务设施布点研究[D]. 西安:西安建筑科技大学, 2021: 67-70. [Wang Ying. Research on the Distribution of Public Service Facilities in the Residential Area of Xi'an Central City from the Perspective of Time and Space Circle[D]. Xi'an: Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, 2021:67-70.]
[31] 王云才,卢星昊,陈照方,等.基于空间效率与游憩需求匹配的城市小微绿地布局优化研究：以十堰市主城区为例[J]. 园林,2022, 39(5):11-19. [Wang Yuncai, Lu Xinghao, Chen Zhaojun, et al. Research on layout optimization of urban micro green space based on the matching of space efficiency and recreational demand: A case study on the main urban area of Shiyan city[J]. Landscape Architecture Academic Journal, 2022,39(5):11-19.]
[32] 王千,王成,冯振元,等.K-means聚类算法研究综述[J].电子设计工程, 2012, 20(7): 21-24. [Wang Qian, Wang Cheng, Feng Zhenyuan, et al. Review of K-means clustering algorithm[J]. Electronic Design Engineering, 2012,20(7):21-24.]
[33] Chang K T. Introduction to Geographic Information Systems[M]. Boston: Mcgraw-hill, 2008:377-388.
[34] 陶卓霖,程杨,戴特奇,等.公共服务设施布局优化模型研究进展与展望[J]. 城市规划,2019,43(8):60-68,88. [Tao Zhuolin, Cheng Yang, Dal Teqi, et al. Research progress and prospect of public service facilities layout optimization models[J]. City Planning Review, 2019,43(8):60-68,88.]
[35] 唐钰婷,杜宏茹.社区生活圈划分及建设水平综合测度方法：以乌鲁木齐市为例[J]. 干旱区地理,2024,47(2): 1-10. [Tang Yuting, Du Hongru. The spatial scope of community living circle and the comprehensive measurement method ofconstruction level: Taking Urumgi city as an example[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2024,47(2):1-10.]
[36] 李亚洲,张佶,毕瑜菲,等“. 人口—设施”精准匹配下的公共服务设施配置策略[J].规划师,2022,38(6):64-69,87. [Li Yazhou, Zhang Ji, Bi Yufei, et al. "Human oriented" public service facilities configuration[J]. Planners, 2022,38(6):64-69,87.]
[37] 姜昀呈,孙立坚,肖琨,等.城市消防站选址布局优化研究[J].测绘科学,2021,46(9):207-217. [Jiang Yuncheng, Sun Lijian, Xiao Kun, et al. Optimization for location and layout of urban fire station[J]. Science of Surveying and Mapping, 2021,46(9):207-217.]