航空航天作为关乎国家经济与安全的战略性产业，在全球产业链重构与科技竞争加剧背景下面临日益复杂的竞争格局。本文基于航空航天产品贸易数据，从全球—区域—国家多尺度揭示各细分领域的竞争格局及其影响因素。研究发现：①全球航空航天产业贸易竞争强度与密度增加，最终产品和发动机领域小世界性愈发凸显，疫情使竞争水平骤降。②欧美间、欧洲内部竞争最为激烈，亚洲国家竞争关系密集、强度低但增长迅猛。③竞争结构等级固化，美国在各细分领域均居核心，法德在最终产品领域存在优势，中国在部件领域实现地位升级。④国家贸易广度和贸易控制力显著促进竞争强度，经济相近、政治关系良好、技术差距与企业主体差距较大的邻近国家间易形成高强度竞争。

This paper constructs global trade competition networks, portraying the evolution of the multi-scale global competition patterns and structure from global to regional to national levels, and exploring the influencing factors. The results show that: 1) From 2000 to 2019, global aerospace trade competition intensity and density increased, with aircraft and core subsystems exhibiting polarized competition, non-core subsystems characterized by large scale and high density. The outbreak of COVID-19 caused a sharp decline in competition. 2) Trade competition between Europe and North America, as well as within Europe, is particularly intense, with a trend to transfer towards Asia, especially in the engine segment. Asian countries exhibit diverse competition relationships with low intensity but rapid growth. 3) Global competition is dominated by a few countries with entrenched hierarchies. The US occupies the absolute core, forming a stable "hub-and-spoke" structure in supply chain competition. The second-tier France and Germany hold advantages in final product competition and are moving towards efficient competition in aircraft segment. China has grown rapidly in the parts competition but faces significant competitive pressure. 4) The trade breadth and trade control capacity exhibit positive effects on trade competition. Intense trade competition tends to take place between closer countries with similar economic levels and amicable political relations, as well as between countries with large technology gaps and firm gaps in the aerospace sector.