为解决早晚高峰交通拥堵问题,有必要研究居民通勤特征,为城市规划、管理提供参考。本文以西安为实证研究对象,采用空间分层随机抽样法发放问卷进行调查研究,并将研究结果与东部类似城市北京进行对比。研究发现西安居民通勤以公共交通为主,但地面交通中私家车高于公交车;通勤时间反映职住分离程度低于东部;以内部通勤和内向通勤为主,同时,运用引力模型对通勤流与城市空间结构的关系进行计算,发现通勤流反映城市空间结构为单中心,在分析通勤特征背后原因的基础上,从城市规划的角度提出相应的治堵建议。

In order to solve traffic jam in rush hours in metropolis, it's very necessary to study the commuting characteristics, which will offer references to the urban planning and management. The author takes Xi'an as the study case. 800 questionnaires were used by space distributed method of stratified random sampling, and the total valid rate of questionnaires is 82%. In order to find reasons of these commuting characteristics, the study results in Xi'an are compared with studies of the commuting characteristics in similar cities in eastern China, Beijing. Our study shows that about commuting tools, public transportation tools are mainly used for commuting, private cars and electronic motorcycle are partly used for commuting, and walking and cycling are supplemented for commuting. Furthermore, the proportion of commuting by private cars is higher than that of bus on the ground. Refer to commuting time, the average commuting time, speed shows that the traffic operation efficiency is in the middle level. Refer to commuting space, firstly, about 73.48% residents covers a commuting distance under 15 km, so that the commuting distance is in a middle level. Secondly, the inbound and internal commuting is the main commuting types in Xi'an. And In the city center, commuting flow on the north-south direction are more than that of other directions. Thirdly, if we draw the commuting flow in the space, we can see that the distribution of commuting flow looks like some sectors from city center to suburban area. Fourthly, we used the gravity model to show the relationship between commuting type and urban space structure.