运用Arc GIS平均最近邻、核密度估计和波段集统计等方法,考察长春市中心城区银行网点空间特征和规律,以及银行网点与人口和主要经济活动的空间关系,发现:①银行网点呈明显集聚分布特征,这种集聚主要分布于商业和商务中心及新建中高档住宅小区密集地段;②银行网点核密度与其到CBD距离呈负相关,并随距离地增加呈对数衰减;③银行网点密度与人口-经济活动密度在街道甚至更小空间尺度上存在较显著的正相关;④银行网点核密度与大型商业网点和主要写字楼核密度均呈较强正相关,而与大型制造业企业核密度几乎不存在相关性,说明商业和楼宇经济空间特征对城市内部银行网点布局具有深刻影响,而制造业的微观区位对银行网点布局几乎无影响。

Finance is the core of an economy, and bank branch is a most important financial institution. However, literature mentioned little about bank branch from a micro-scale spatial perspective until now. This paper is concerning on the characteristics of spatial pattern of bank branches and the spatial relationship between bank branches and popu-economic activities at subdistrict (Jiedao) or even smaller scale in Changchun central urban area by using GIS-based methods of Average Nearest Neighbor, Kernel Density (KDE) Estimate and Band Collection Statistics, as well as Correlation Analysis and Regression Analysis based on SPSS. Bank branches refered in this paper exclude Automatic Teller Machines, and the total number is 687 in the study area. The main findings are as follows:(1) Bank branches tend to be spatially clustered, mainly in commerce and business centers. (2) There is a negative moderate correlation (Pearson's correlation coefficient is-0.546) between kernel densities of bank branches and distance from Central Business District (CBD). (3) There is a positive strong correlation between densities of bank branches and popu-economic activities at subdistrict or even smaller scale. (4) Positive moderate correlation between KDEs of bank branches and large commercial stores, as well as KDEs of bank branches and office buildings shows that the spatial distribution of urban commercial stores and office buildings have significant influence on the location of bank branches.