以江南丘陵区的长沙市为例,以1989年和2013年的Landsat TM影像及DEM为数据,应用GIS空间分析方法,对长沙市1989-2013年农村居民点空间演变的过程、格局、特征及影响因素进行研究。结果表明:①农村居民点密度不断加大,居民点空间扩展特征显著,但居民点布局较为分散;②农村居民点用地布局低地指向性特征明显,不同地貌类型区的农村居民点地域分异特征较为显著;③农村居民点空间布局的道路和河流指向性特征明显,距离道路与河流越近,农村居民点面积越大,反之则越少;④自然环境决定了长沙市农村居民点总体空间布局,同时,经济发展、农村城镇化与工业化、交通条件、政策制度等因素对农村居民点空间演变具有重要的影响。

In recent years, land supply and demand contradiction is increasingly outstanding in China. The land base of rural residential area is experiencing a reverse development trend of "population decrease but land increase". Based on the TM images of 1989 and 2013, with the method of GIS statistical software, the spatial distribution and characteristics of rural residential area in Changsha from 1989 to 2013 is analyzed. In the recent 24 years, the class area(CA) of residential area in Changsha increase constantly, and the net increase is 3.03×10⁴hm²; the mean patch size (MPS) increase from 0.425 to 0.552, The patch density(PD) takes on an increase trend, which was 0.167/km² in 1989 while reached 0.176/km² in 2013.the largest patch index (LPI) increase from 0.001 in 1989 to 0.005 in 2013.The results showed that:1) the density of rural residential area in Changsha was in an increasing tendency,and the characteristics of spatial expansion is obvious, but distribution of rural settlements was fragmented extremely; 2)the trend of the distribution centralized along the low altitude is obvious, the area and number of rural residential area in different altitude were obviously regionally differentiated; 3) the trend of the distribution centralized along the roads and rivers is obvious, with the increase of the distance from the rivers and the roads, the area of rural residential area decreased quickly; 4)the overall spatial distribution of rural residential area was decided by the natural conditions.