运用第二次经济普查单位地理编码数据分析了北京市就业密度变化特征,并对就业中心功能进行了分析。北京市就业中心整体上仍呈现单中心格局特征,多中心格局虽有显现但并不明显。本文共识别出中关村片区、金融街片区和CDB片区等三个就业中心片区和上地、首都机场、曙光街道等十二个就业次中心。依据专业行业就业人口数量指标、区位熵指标,就业人口占同行业比例指标,将北京市就业中心分为7种类型,即大型企业集聚型就业中心、临空经济集聚型就业中心、制造业集聚型就业中心、批发零售集聚型就业中心、商务商业集聚型就业中心、金融集聚型就业中心、科研教育集聚型就业中心。传统就业中心因集聚效益、集群效应和锁定效应使范围进一步扩大,密度显著提高,中心功能也日益复杂,细分行业分化明显。

The overall spatial feature analysis of the employment-population density was carried out using the Clark model and its derivative negative exponential function. The major centers of employment were identified and their functions were determined by data based on the four-digit used by the National Economic Industrial Classification. The employment-population location quotient and the employment-population ratio of the same industries in Beijing were used to show the industry cluster characteristics and the functions of the centers. In general, most of the employment centers in Beijing had a mono-centric structure; multi-centric structures were uncommon because new employment centres were lack of agglomeration or cluster effects. We identified three major centers of employment (Zhongguancun, Finance Street and the central business district) and 12 other employment centers(e.g. the Shangdi, Capital Airport and Shuguang sub-districts). As a result of agglomeration and cluster effects and the lock-in effect, there were further increases in the density of employment in conventional employment centers with more complicated functions and a distinct differentiation in the type of industry. The centers of employment in Beijing were classified into seven types based on the principles of centers based on the professional population, the employment location quotient and the local proportion of the industry employment in Beijing. These cluster types included large enterprises, the airport, manufacturing industries, wholesale and retail industries, business, finance, and research and education.