乡村地理学是人文地理的重要分枝学科,乡村聚落的演化是乡村地理学的重要研究内容。在新的经济、社会发展背景中,乡村的意义与价值正在被重新认识,对其进行合理的规划组织,以形成与区域宏观社会经济背景相匹配的聚落体系,对城乡区域空间的整体协调发展具有重要的现实意义。文章阐述了乡村聚落体系演化理论、规划组织理论。关于乡村聚落体系演化,本文提出了区域空间进程中的四个阶段:农业社会阶段、过渡性阶段、工业化阶段、技术工业和高消费阶段。文章还研究了国际上对乡村聚落体系组织的战略方法,包括职能地域一体化战略、选择性空间封闭战略、乡村城市发展战略。文章结合江苏的有关案例,重点论述了中心镇及中心村选建、设施配置、政策配套等内容,指出:①通过中心镇的建设实现乡镇合并、重组;②通过中心村的建设实现农业空间的集约化经营,推动城市化进程;③通过配套支撑体系来实现对乡村聚落体系优化的引导。提出了中心村选建的主要标准:①区位优势;②联系合理;③规模经济;④节约用地。

Rural Geography is an important branch of Human Geography. The evolution of the rural settlement is one of the key research fields in Rural Geography. Under the new economic and social development background, the importance and value rural areas of is being re-recognized. To carry out the reasonable planning and organization of it and form the settlement system in match with the regional macro-social economic background it has an important realistic meaning to the integral coordinative development of urban and rural regional space. This article expounds the evolution theories and planning organization theories of rural settlement system. As to the evolution of rural settlement system, it puts forward four steps of regional spatial course:rural society step, transition step, industrialization step and technical industry and high consumption step. This article also makes a research of the international strategic methods to rural settlement system organization, including the integration strategy of functional regions, selective spatial sealing strategy and rural urban development strategy. In combination with the case studies in Jiangsu,this paper focuses on discussing the choice and building of central towns and villages auxiliary facilities and the policies and so on?It points out:①to realize the combination and re-organization of towns and villages through the construction of central towns; ②to realize the intensive business of agricultural space through the construction of central villages; ③to realize the guide of rural settlement system optimization through auxiliary supporting systems. Besides, this article puts forward the main standards of the selection and building of central villages:①location advantage; ②connective reasonableness; ③scale economy; ④land use saving.