南京市社区服务设施可达性的空间格局与低收入社区空间剥夺研究

doi:10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2017.01.011

PDF(2205 KB)

人文地理 ›› 2017, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (1) : 73-81. DOI: 10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2017.01.011

城市

南京市社区服务设施可达性的空间格局与低收入社区空间剥夺研究

曾文¹, 向梨丽², 张小林³

作者信息 +

RESEARCH IN SPATIAL PATTERN OF ACCESSIBILITY TO COMMUNITY SERVICE FACILITIES AND SPATIAL DEPRIVATION OF LOWINCOME COMMUNITY IN NANJING

ZENGWen¹, XIANG Li-li², ZHANG Xiao-lin³

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

社区服务设施的空间可达性事关城市公共资源分配的社会公平与公正，是反映城市居民生活质量的重要标志。以南京市居住用地作为基本分析单元，对南京市的教育、医疗、商业和公园绿地四大类社区服务设施的空间可达性进行分析；并通过对相关低收入社区的实地调研，研究城市边缘区低收入群体的服务设施空间剥夺问题。研究表明：南京市四类服务设施的可达性水平均呈现出由城市中心区向郊区衰减的空间分异格局；较低的社区服务设施可达性不仅直接造成低收入社区居民对社区服务设施较低的满意度，导致其空间剥夺感的产生，还极大地阻碍着社区归属感的形成，导致社区居民强烈的迁居欲望，在他们较低的支付能力下进一步加剧其空间剥夺感。政府未来在规划面向低收入群体的保障性社区时，更应注重相关服务配套设施建设，做到社会与空间的公正性。

Abstract

As the basic elements of life space, urban communities and service facilities are the basic places of residents' daily life. This paper firstly discusses the different methods of measuring accessibility, and chooses the minimum distance method to measure the accessibility of community service facilities. Residential land parcels of present land use map of Nanjing are adopted as the basic analytical unit to analyze accessibility in this paper, which is creative and different from previous studies. Four typical community service facilities are chosen as the analytic targets in this research, including education facilities, medical facilities, commercial facilities and parks and green lands. Then this paper analyzes the spatial pattern of access to community service facilities in Nanjing with GIS from two aspects:on the one hand it analyzes the spatial differentiation pattern of access to various community service facilities; on the other hand it researches the spatial differentiation pattern of the comprehensive accessibility of community service facilities. In order to analyze the influence of community service facilities' accessibility on residents' daily life more deeply, this research investigates two low income communities in urban fringe of Nanjing and four communities in inner city and new towns as references. The investigation contents include residential satisfaction, daily activities, community attachment and residential mobility through the methods of questionnaires and depth interviews. Then this paper analyzes the spatial deprivation of low income groups of urban fringe, and summarizes conceptual model of spatial deprivation of low income communities based on low community service facilities accessibility.

导出引用

曾文, 向梨丽, 张小林. 南京市社区服务设施可达性的空间格局与低收入社区空间剥夺研究[J]. 人文地理. 2017, 32(1): 73-81 https://doi.org/10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2017.01.011

ZENGWen, XIANG Li-li, ZHANG Xiao-lin. RESEARCH IN SPATIAL PATTERN OF ACCESSIBILITY TO COMMUNITY SERVICE FACILITIES AND SPATIAL DEPRIVATION OF LOWINCOME COMMUNITY IN NANJING[J]. HUMAN GEOGRAPHY. 2017, 32(1): 73-81 https://doi.org/10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2017.01.011

中图分类号： K901.8

参考文献

[1] 中华人民共和国建设部.城市居住区规划设计规范(GB50180-93)[M]. 北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002:8.[Ministry of Construction of the People's Republic of China. Code of urban Residential Areas Planning & Design(GB50180-93)[M]. Beijing:China Architecture & Building Press, 2002:8.]

[2] Michalos A C. Public services and the quality of life[J]. Social Indicators Research, 1999,48(2):125-156.

[3] Witten K, Eneter D, Field A. The quality of urban environments:Mapping variation in access to community resources[J]. Urban Studies, 2003,40(10):161-177.

[4] 王兴中.等.中国城市生活空间结构研究[M].北京:科学出版社, 2004:3-37.[Wang Xingzhong, et al. China's Urban Living Space Structure Research[M]. Beijing:Science Press, 2004:3-37.]

[5] Kwan M P. Recent advances in accessibility research:Representation, methodology and applications[J]. Geographical Systems, 2003, 5(1):129-138.

[6] Macintyre S L, Macdonald A. Do poorer people have poorer access to local resources and facilities? The distribution of local resources by area deprivation in Glasgow, Scotland[J]. Social Science & Medicine, 2008,67(6):900-914.

[7] 周春山,高军波.转型期中国城市公共服务设施供给模式及其形成机制研究[J].地理科学,2011,31(3):272-279.[Zhou Chunshan, Gao Junbo. Provision pattern of urban public service facilities and its formation mechanism during transitional China[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2011,31(3):272-279.]

[8] 王兴中,王立,谢利娟,等.国外对空间剥夺及其城市社区资源剥夺水平研究的现状与趋势[J]. 人文地理,2008,23(6):7-12.[Wang Xingzhong, Wang Li, Xie Lijuan, et al. The status and trend of researches on deprivation of space and city community resources abroad[J]. Human Geography, 2008,23(6):7-12.]

[9] Knox P L. The intraurban ecology of primary medical care:Patterns of accessibility and their policy implications[J]. Environment and Planning A, 1978,10(4):415-435.

[10] McLafferty S. Urban structure and geographical access to public services[J]. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 1982,72(3):347-354.

[11] Apparicio P, Abdelmajid M, Riva M. Comparing alternative approaches to measuring the geographical accessibility of urban health services:Distance types and aggregation-error issues[J]. International Journal of Health Geographics, 2008,7(4):622-624.

[12] Lotfi S, Koohsari M J. Measuring objective accessibility to neighborhood facilities in the city (A case study:Zone 6 in Tehran, Iran)[J]. Cities, 2009,26(3):133-140.

[13] November S M, Cromley R G, Cromley E K. Multiobjective analysis of school district regionalization alternatives in Connecticut[J]. Professional Geographer, 1996,48(1):1-14.

[14] Wang F H. Measurement, optimization, and impact of health care accessibility:A methodological review[J]. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 2012,102(5):1104-1112.

[15] Talen E. School, community, and spatial equity:An empirical investigation of access to elementary schools in West Virginia[J]. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 2001,91(3):465-486.

[16] 林康,陆玉麒,刘俊.基于可达性角度的公共产品空间公平性的定量评价方法——以江苏省仪征市为例[J].地理研究,2009,28(1):215-224.[Lin Kang, Lu Yuqi, Liu Jun. Assessment of fair space of public product based on accessibility:A case of Yizheng city[J]. Geographical Research, 2009,28(1):215-224.]

[17] 尹海伟,孔繁花,宗跃光.城市绿地可达性与公平性评价[J].生态学报,2008,28(7):3375-3383.[Yin Haiwei, Kong Fanhua, Zong Yueguang. Accessibility and equity assessment on urban green space[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2008,28(7):3375-3383.]

[18] 宋正娜,陈雯,张桂香,等.公共服务设施空间可达性及其度量方法[J].地理科学进展, 2010,29(10):1217-1224.[Song Zhengna, Chen Wen, Zhang Guixiang, et al. Spatial accessibility to public service facilities and its measurement approaches[J]. Progress in Geography, 2010,29(10):1217-1224.]

[19] 周春山,江海燕,高军波.城市公共服务社会空间分异的形成机制——以广州市公园为例[J].城市规划,2013,37(10):84-89.[Zhou Chunshan, Jiang Haiyan, Gao Junbo. Formation mechanism of social spatial differentiation of the urban public services:A case study on the parks of Guangzhou[J]. City Planning Review, 2013, 37(10):84-89.]

[20] Morris J M, Dumble P L, Wigan M R. Accessibility indicators for transportation planning[J]. Transportation Research A, 1979,13(2):91-109.

[21] Johnston R J, Gregory D, Pratt G, Watts M. The Dictionary of Human Geography[M]. Oxford:Blackwell Publishing, 2000:2-3.

[22] Lynch K. Good City Form[M]. Cambridge, MA:MIT Press, 1981:187-204.

[23] Talen E, Anselin L. Assessing spatial equity:An evaluation of measures of accessibility to public playgrounds[J]. Environment and Planning A, 1998,30(4):595-613.

[24] Guagliardo M F. Spatial accessibility of primary care:Concepts, methods and challenges[J]. International Journal of Health Geography, 2004,3(1):1-13.

[25] 卢银桃,王德.美国步行性测度研究进展及其启示[J].国际城市规划,2012,27(1):10-15.[Lu Yintao, Wang De. Walkability measuring in America and its enlightenment[J]. Urban Planning International, 2012,27(1):10-15.]

[26] 王慧,黄玖菊,李永玲,等.厦门城市空间出行便利性及小汽车依赖度分析[J].地理学报,2013,68(4):477-490.[Wang Hui, Huang Jiuju, Li Yongling. Evaluating and mapping the walking accessibility, bus availability and car dependence in urban space:A case study of Xiamen, China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2013,68(4):477-490.]

[27] Luo W. Using a GIS-based floating catchment method to access areas with shortage of physicians[J]. Health Place, 2004,10(1):1-11.

[28] Phibbs C S, Luft H S. Correlation of travel time on roads versus straight line distance[J]. Medical Care Research and Review, 1995, 52(4):532-542.

[29] Townsend P. Deprivation[J]. Journal of Social Policy, 1987,16(2):125-146.

[30] 袁媛,吴缚龙,许学强.转型期中国城市贫困和剥夺的空间模式[J]. 地理学报,2009,64(6):753-763.[Yuan Yuan, Wu Fulong, Xu Xueqiang. The spatial pattern of poverty and deprivation in transitional chinese city:Analysis of area-based indicators and individual data[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2009,64(6):753-763.]

[31] Hare T S, Barcus H R. Geographical accessibility and Kentucky's heart-related hospital services[J]. Applied Geography, 2007,27(3/4):181-205.

[32] Wang F, McLafferty S, Escamilla V, et al. Late-stage breast cancer diagnosis and health care access in Illinois[J]. The Professional Geographer, 2008,60(1):54-69.

[33] Pearce J, Blakely T, Witten K, et al. Neighborhood deprivation and access to fast food retailing[J]. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2007,32(5):375-382.

[34] Field A, Witten K, Robinson E, et al. Who gets to what? Access to community resources in two New Zealand cities[J]. Urban Policy and Research, 2004,22(2):189-205.

[35] 宋伟轩,陈培阳,徐旳.内城区户籍贫困空间剥夺式重构研究——基于南京10843份拆迁安置数据[J].地理研究,2013,32(8):1467-1476.[Song Weixuan, Chen Peiyang, Xu Di. Research on the deprivation-type reconstruction of inner-city registered poverty space based on resettlement data of Nanjing[J]. Geographical Research, 2013,32(8):1467-1476.]