多维邻近性成为学术界研究创新网络演化的新视角。中国学者的相关研究侧重分析地理邻近的作用，对其它维度邻近性的作用机理讨论较少。本文基于1985-2013年东营市石油装备企业申请专利与合作专利数据，以及东营市17家石油装备企业访谈调查的分析，探讨了多维邻近对东营市石油装备制造业创新网络演化的影响。根据主导邻近性的差别，将东营市石油装备制造业创新网络发展划分为起步阶段、稳定发展阶段、跃升阶段。起步阶段，市场环境相对封闭，形成了以胜利油田企业为主体的创新网络；组织邻近起主导作用，但过度的组织邻近限制了创新网络的发展。稳定发展阶段，民营企业网络地位快速上升，中国石油大学（华东）成为网络新节点；组织邻近和认知邻近共同推动创新网络发展。跃升阶段，民营企业和学研机构对创新网络发展的作用逐渐增强；认知邻近起主导作用，促进创新网络规模快速扩张。相比于地理邻近，组织和认知邻近对内生型产业集群创新网络发展的驱动作用强。依托亲友圈、朋友圈、师生圈等关系，能够促进认知邻近的发展。
Abstract
Dimensions of proximity becomes a new view on innovation network evolution. Chinese scholars' related research focused on the analysis of the role of geographical proximity and lack of empirical investigation. Based on data analysis of patent applications and cooperation patents of Dongying's petroleum equipment enterprises from 1985 to 2013, and interview surveys towards 17 petroleum equipment enterprises of Dongying, this paper discusses the influence of dimensions of proximity on the innovation network evolution in Dongying. According to the dominant proximity, the innovation network can be divided into the initial stage, stable development stage and jumped stage. In the initial stage, the organizational proximity played a leading role, but excessive organizational proximity limited the development of innovation network. In the stable development stage, private enterprises began to join the innovation network, and China University of Petroleum(East China) became a new network node, thus organizational proximity and cognitive proximity jointly promote the development of innovation network. In jumped stage, as the impact of private companies and universities, together with research institutions on innovation network increasing gradually, cognitive proximity played a leading role for promoting the rapid expansion of network. For embedded industrial cluster, the organizational proximity and cognitive proximity play more important role on the development of innovation network than geographic proximity. Relying on the relationship between relatives and friends, teachers and students can promote the development of cognitive proximity.
关键词
组织邻近 /
认知邻近 /
创新网络 /
演化 /
东营市
Key words
organizational proximity /
cognitive proximity /
innovation network /
evolution /
Dongying
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基金
国家社会科学重大项目（10ZD&016）；德国科学基金项目（LI981/8-1AOBJ:595493）
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