利用2010年第六次人口普查数据,对我国人口迁移的特征及其影响因素进行研究。首先分析了包括年龄、性别、受教育程度和职业分布等在内的迁移人群的社会经济特征,继而从迁移原因、迁移人口的城乡分布、迁移时间、迁移类型与属性的交叉分析等方面探讨了人口迁移的类型学特征。引入就业可达性概念,分析了人口迁移率的空间格局、就业可达性与人口迁移率的空间匹配关系以及人口迁移流的空间格局,发现通过就业可达性格局可以很好地解释人口迁移率的分布。最后,采取多元线性回归技术研究了人口迁移的影响因素,结果表明,迁入地城镇居民收入与迁移率呈正相关关系,而迁出地城镇收入、迁入地的科技文化水平、迁移距离和迁入地农村收入则与迁移率呈负相关关系。

This paper uses the sixth census data to study China's population migration phenomenon in 2010. First of all, the paper does quantitative analysis of distribution of age, gender, educational level, occupational and other social characteristics of 2010 non-permanent migration population, which has a very typical feature, and is closely related with the survival and development complementary of flowing population in large cities. Then, the authors analyze the characteristics of typology of migration, including the reason of migration, rural vs urban distribution of migration population, the time of migration, the crossing analysis between migration types and socio-economic attribute. By introducing the concept of employment accessibility, the authors try to study the following aspects including the spatial pattern of the rate of migration, the matching relationship of space between employment accessibility and the rate of migration, the spatial pattern of migration flow. At last, the paper takes a multiple linear regression model to analyze the impact of the personal characteristics of the flowing population and social factors in 2010 on migration choice. And the results show that there is a positive correlation between the rate of migration and the income of urban residents of immigration destination, while there is a negative correlation between the rate of migration and other factors including the income of urban residents of emigration destination, the scientific and cultural level of immigration destination, the distance of migration and the income of the rural area of immigration destination.