以2012年住房和城乡建设部等国家四部委联合评审认定的646家"中国传统村落"为研究对象,通过谷歌地理信息系统(GoodyGIS)定位村落的地理坐标,确定海拔高程等属性。利用Arcgis10.1和GeoDa技术平台,对中国传统村落的空间分异特征进行综合分析。研究发现:中国传统村落在空间上呈明显的集聚型分布,在各省份间具不均衡态势,呈现出黔东南-湘西、皖南-浙西-闽西北、晋-冀-豫和滇西北等四个核密度高值区。传统村落距离中心城市较远,大多数村落处在40-100km的直线范围内。全局及局部空间自相关研究结果表明,不同高程中国传统村落的空间分布明显存在着高高(HH)、低低(LL)集聚现象,缺乏低高(LH)、高低(HL)区域,反映出传统村落在空间选址上所具有的复杂性和多样性特征。

The Chinese Traditional Villages are the crystallization of farming civilization, the precious heritage passed from our ancestors to our generation and our posterity. Exploring actively the spatial differentiation regularity of traditional villages by modern technology plays an important role on further perfecting the related review and protection policy and promoting the integrity and systemic protection of the traditional villages. On the basis of studying related literature, 646 Chinese Traditional Villages are chosen as the research object, their geographic coordinates are located and altitudes measured through Google Geographic Information System (GoodyGIS) and the function of Baidu map. Studies show that:Chinese Traditional Villages come into a cluster distribution in space, the geographical distribution of Chinese Traditional Villages is overwhelmingly uneven among the provinces, forms 4 nuclear density high precipitation areas of Southeast Guizhou-West Hunan, South Anhui-West Zhejiang-Northwest Fujian, Shanxi-Hebei-Henan and Northwest Yunnan. Chinese Traditional Villages are far distant from the center cities, the traffic is relatively inconvenient, nearly 60% traditional villages are located the range of 40-100 km from the center cities. The research results of global and local spatial autocorrelation by GeoDa technology show that:Chinese Traditional Villages are obvious in high-high, low-low clustering. High-high gathering area mainly located on the edge of Tibet Plateau, west of China, low-low gathering area mainly located in the east and south of China. Meanwhile, lack of low-high, high-low clustering regions, and they will explain the complexity and diversity characteristics of the spatial location in traditional villages. According to the spatial differentiation regularity of the traditional villages, traditional village cultural areas should be well defined. Taking traditional village cultural areas as regional units, it is necessary to improve ideas of the overall protection activity and optimize present policies.