历史街区是特定地域历史、社会、文化的核心载体,兼具遗产保护、旅游开发价值,在历史街区旅游发展过程中,如何平衡保护与开发是历史地段发展一直面临的挑战。拉萨市八廓街为"中国历史文化名街",代表着藏族历史文化街区的价值与特色,同时也是西藏集宗教、文化、旅游、商业为一体的重要旅游吸引物。本文以八廓街历史文化街区为例,通过实地观察及问卷调查等方式,探讨旅游开发影响与居民感知之间的关系。研究表明,旅游对于地方经济的积极效益已得到普遍肯定,但是旅游对历史街区的具体作用,尤其是对社会文化负面影响的表现是存在分异的,由此也形成了居民态度的差异。

The far-reaching local history and culture of historic sites always leads to the rise of tourism industry in the modern age. However, the conflict between historic and cultural preservation and tourism economics is always recognized as the most significant challenge in the course of regional development. In Tibet, preserving traditional culture in historic districts has been greatly emphasized by the local government for long, and the proper tourism development is beneficial for the sustainability of local development as well. Especially, the Barkhor district is the most important traditional district and famous tourism attraction in Tibet. This paper mainly focuses on the analysis of the case of Barkhor district in Tibet, which was authorized as the "national historic and cultural street"in 2009. Just as mentioned above, recently Barkhor district has also been confronted with the challenge to achieve economic growth from local tourism development and protect the traditional environment at the same time. Based on the methods of field work and questionnaires on the residents' perceptions on tourism impacts in the Barkhor district, the role of tourism on the development of the historic district as well as culture conservation is discussed. The conclusion of the case indicates that tourism industry promotes local economy, while negative impacts of tourism on social and cultural aspects in the district are demonstrated as well. For the whole district, tourism development has not been mature enough yet, and the specific effects of tourism vary from area to area in Barkhor district. Therefore, residents' attitudes on negative impacts were differentiated according to the survey, and those who were dependent on tourism industry were more likely to agree with the negative impacts, which is different from the conclusion in the previous researches. Furthermore, some helpful suggestions about tourism industry development are discussed in the paper.