通达性是指交通网络中各节点相互作用的机会大小,也是从出发地前往目的地的方便程度。道路网络是支撑乡村地区经济社会发展的基础,而通达性则是反映道路网络水平和质量的有效评价指标。本文以位于陕西秦巴山区的丹凤县为例,基于第二次土地利用现状调查和实际考察资料,分别以乡镇和行政村为单元,以GIS方法为支撑,采用道路临近性、乡镇内部可达性和道路衔接性三项指标,分析和评价了丹凤县乡村地区路网通达性。本研究对陕南秦巴山区乡村路网建设和移民搬迁工程有一定指导作用,对乡村地区路网通达性分析和评价方法进行了有效改进。

Accessibility means interaction chance of the nodes in the road network and travel convenience from departure to destination. The higher the level of accessibility is,the more convenient, quicker and more comfortable one travel from one place to another. Accessibility is an effective evaluation index on the quality and construction level of road network. Road network is the foundation of the rural social and economic development, so the study and improvement of road network accessibility in rural areas are very important and urgent. Based on the data from the Second National Land Survey and fieldwork, this paper has used quantitative indexes such as proximity to road, inner accessibility of townships and connection to trunk road to study the road network accessibility of Danfeng County of Shaanxi Province which lies in Qinling mountainous area. These indexes can evaluate the tree basic aspects of road network accessibility in rural areas. This study is supported by GIS software, and uses township and administrative village as the basic research unit. The result shows that townships with highly developed economy and high road network construction level have high level of proximity to road; townships with closely distributed administrative villages and good road construction condition have high level of inner accessibility; townships along trunk roads are highly connected to trunk roads; remote and undeveloped townships have low level of nearly all the indexes of road network accessibility. This study has certain instructional function to road network construction and immigration moving project in the mountainous area of south Shaanxi Province, because the analysis of proximity to road can reveal the areas of a township that lack the service of road network; this study can improve the analysis and evaluation method of roads network accessibility in rural areas because similar studies are few and the research field is not mature in China while this paper has made an attempt to develop methods to better suit the study of road network accessibility in rural areas.