在千余份问卷调查的基础上,对北京市4个不同居住-就业空间结构样本区进行了不同交通方式、不同样本区居民的通勤距离、时间、效率等特征比较。结果表明:公共交通是北京市居民通勤的主要方式;随着通勤距离的增加,居民最常选择的交通方式从非机动车向公交再向地铁转变;北京市居民通勤时间相比于其他国际大都市偏长;私家车通勤效率最高;换乘对交通效率有较大负影响,在大型居住-就业中心通勤流中这一问题尤为严重;职住平衡的区域较之于居住或就业中心有着相对短的通勤距离和时间,以及相对高的非机动车出行比例。

Since the reform and opening up, China has experienced the change from a planned economy to a market economy. In this change, the disintegration of the system of units causes the broken of the traditional urban spatial structure characterized by job-housing balance. On the other hand, the positive externalities of clustering require industrial agglomeration. This paper provides a case study of 4 districts which cover different types of job-housing spatial structure in Beijing. Using the survey of over 1,000 questionnaires, the authors try to compare commuting characteristics including distance, time-consuming and efficiency among the residents who commute by different travel modes and in different sample areas. The main findings are as follows: (1) public transport is the main mode for commuters in Beijing. (2) The residents who take motor vehicles have longer distance and time-consuming than those who take non-motor ones. (3) The commuting time of residents in Beijing is too long compared with other metropolises. (4) Commuting by car, which is not a popular travel mode, has the highest commuting efficiency. (5) Transfer can make remarkable negative effect on commuting efficiency. (6) The commuting characteristics vary as the job-housing spatial structure of the region changes. (7) For the commuting flow between the residential center and job centers, public transport is the main mode. However, high transfer rate and efficiency loss brought by transfer is a severe problem. Motor vehicles must be the main travel model alongside of the urban expansion in the future. In consideration of the income level of most residents and the urban environment, the Government should be committed to the construction of public transport systems in particular metro systems. Based on our findings, we propose that cutting down the transfer rate and time-consuming is the key method to improve the efficiency of public traffic. In the meantime, through transportation should be established between high-density employment centers and residential centers. The traffic congestion problem could only be solved only if this could be done.