HERITAGE IDENTITY: CONCEPT CONNOTATION AND RESEARCH APPROACHES
ZHANG Chao-zhi1,2, QU Ce1,2, JIN Yu-han1,2
1. School of Tourism Management of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;
2. UIUC-SYSU International Joint Lab for National Park Research(Zhangjiajie), Guangzhou 510275, China
Abstract：With the rapid development of heritage tourism, people pay much more attention to the economic value of heritage than the cultural, social and political values. However, according to the previous research, the reasons for plenty of conflicts in world heritage sites and much challenge in "living heritage" protection are not only the unfair distribution of heritage economic benefits but also the differences in stakeholders' values. For the heritage industrialization background, the importance of intangible heritage and the aggravated heritage dissonance, this paper tries to figure out one concept from the literature reviews of heritage researches, aiming to explain and solve the current conflict problems in heritage tourism destinations. Finally, the concept of "heritage identity" is proposed, which has two aspects of connotations here:identity and heritage; people's identity to heritage, both of which emphasize the role of human beings in heritage. However, in comparison, the "identity to heritage" aspect cares more about the actors' agency, which includes people's cognitive, emotion, values, and attitudes toward heritage. The "identity and heritage" aspect defines more about the heritage's objective identity, as the individual, family, local, national or world heritage name. Based on this, this paper refines two core research questions of heritage identity:Who defines the heritage, which is heritage, what is the relationship between heritage and the person who defines heritage? How other persons perceive or value the above heritage, and then define their own heritage, through which, their own identities are expressed out. Above all, this concept proposal contributes to the landscape research in new cultural geography and provide the theoretical direction for heritage tourism destinations governance.
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万蕙,唐雪琼.中越边境乡村民居景观的符号象征与认同建构:广西龙州县边境乡村案例[J].地理科学,2017,37(4):595-602.[Wan Hui, Tang Xueqiong. The symbolism and the identity construction of French-decorated folk houses landscape on the Sino-Vietnamese borderland in Longzhou, Guangxi province[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2017,37(4):595-602.]
[10]
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[30]
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[23]
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[31]
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[24]
张淑华,李海莹,刘芳.身份认同研究综述[J].心理研究,2012,5(1):21-27.[Zhang Shuhua, Li Haiying, Liu Fang. Review on research of identity[J]. Psychological Research, 2012,5(1):21-27.]
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[45]
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[41]
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[26]
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[46]
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[42]
Groote P, Haartsen T. The communication of heritage:Creating place identities[M]//Graham B, Howard P. The Ashgate Research Companion to Heritage and Identity. Aldershot:Ashgate Publishing, 2008:181-194.
[27]
Dick R V, Grojean M W, Christ O, et al. Identity and the extra mile:Relationships between organizational identification and organizational citizenship behaviour[J]. British Journal of Management, 2010,17(4):283-301.
[47]
Newman A, McLean F. Architectures of inclusion:Museums, galleries and inclusive communities[M]//Sandell R. Museums, Society, Inequality. London:Routledge, 2002:56-68.
[48]
吴必虎,李咪咪,黄国平.中国世界遗产地保护与旅游需求关系[J]. 地理研究,2002,21(5):617-626.[Wu Bihu, Li Mimi, Huang Guoping. A study on relationship of conservation and tourism demand of world heritage sites in China[J]. Geographical Research, 2002,21(5):617-626.]
[28]
燕海鸣. "遗产化" 中的话语和记忆[N].中国社会科学报,2011-08-16(012).[Yan Haiming. The discourse and memory in heritabilization[N]. China Social Science Today, 2011-08-16(012).]
[34]
Waterton E, Smith L, Campbell G. The utility of discourse analysis to heritage studies:The Burra Charter and social inclusion[J]. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 2006,12(4):339-355.
[43]
Alderman D H. Place, naming, and the interpretation of cultural landscapes[M]//Graham B, Howard P. The Ashgate Research Companion to Heritage and Identity. Aldershot:Ashgate Publishing, 2008:195-213.
[44]
王晓晓,张朝枝.遗产旅游真实性理解差异与遗产地管理[J].旅游科学,2007,21(1):13-16.[Wang Xiaoxiao, Zhang Chaozhi. Understanding discrepancy of the authenticity of heritage tourism and management of heritage sites[J]. Tourism Science, 2007,21(1):13-16.]
[45]
魏雷,钱俊希,朱竑.谁的真实性:泸沽湖的旅游凝视与本土认同[J].旅游学刊,2015,30(8):66-76.[Wei Lei, Qian Junxi, Zhu Hong. Whose authenticity:Tourist gaze and local identities in Lugu Lake[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2015,30(8):66-76.]
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[30]
李春霞,彭兆荣.从滇越铁路看遗产的"遗产化"[J].云南民族大学学报:哲学社会科学版,2009,26(1):29-34.[Li Chunxia, Peng Zhaorong. On the "heritabilization" of heritages through a study of Yunnan-Vietnam railway[J]. Journal of Yunnan Nationalities University, 2009,26(1):29-34.]
[35]
Waterton E, Smith L. The recognition and misrecognition of community heritage[J]. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 2010, 16(1/2):4-15.
[46]
Martínez A H. Conservation and restoration in built heritage:A Western European perspective[M]//Graham B, Howard P. The Ashgate Research Companion to Heritage and Identity. Aldershot:Ashgate Publishing, 2008:245-266.
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[36]
Watson S, Waterton E. Heritage and community engagement[J]. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 2010,16(1/2):1-3.
[47]
Newman A, McLean F. Architectures of inclusion:Museums, galleries and inclusive communities[M]//Sandell R. Museums, Society, Inequality. London:Routledge, 2002:56-68.
[48]
吴必虎,李咪咪,黄国平.中国世界遗产地保护与旅游需求关系[J]. 地理研究,2002,21(5):617-626.[Wu Bihu, Li Mimi, Huang Guoping. A study on relationship of conservation and tourism demand of world heritage sites in China[J]. Geographical Research, 2002,21(5):617-626.]
[32]
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