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人文地理  2018, Vol. 33 Issue (4): 60-67    DOI: 10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2018.04.009
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学区化外部性对城市空间的影响
杨振山1,2, 粟子林3, 丁悦4, 程哲5
1. 中国科学院 地理科学与资源研究所, 北京 100101;
2. 中国科学院 区域可持续发展分析与模拟实验室, 北京 100101;
3. 湖南省怀化市会同县改河街林城镇人民政府, 怀化 418300;
4. 中国电子信息产业发展研究院, 北京 100020;
5. 北京大学 经济学院, 北京 100871
THE EXTERNAL EFFECT OF JIAOYUFICATION UPON URBAN SPACE
YANG Zhen-shan1,2, SU Zi-lin3, DING Yue4, CHENG Zhe5
1. Key Lab of Regional Sustainable Development and Modelling, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
2. Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
3. Linchen Town People's Government, Huitong County, Huaihua, Hunan Province, Huaihua 418300, China;
4. China Center for Information Industry Development, Beijing 100020, China;
5. School of Economic, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

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摘要 本文分析了学区房和学区的不同意义,进而对学区的正负外部性进行了解析,认为学区、学校、个人、政府间复杂的博弈关系最终导致了城市中的社会空间分异和居住空间分异的加强。在梳理发达国家主要城市经验、对比北京市与剑桥市的学区发展基础上,指出当前的划区政策增强了学区的稀缺性,却没有增加公平性,从而助推房价的高涨。为了更好地促进教育均等化实现,政府应努力提高优质教育学校的数量;形成资本性收入在学校和市场间的合理流动与分配;废弃以学区为主实施优质学区管理的办法,实施学校分层化管理,从而促进教育公平性和对人力资源开发这一综合目标的实现。
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关键词 学区住房外部性城市空间教育空间    
Abstract:Urban residential space and social space are deeply influenced by school catchments' complex externalities. This paper provides a definition of school catchment and school catchment houses. By resolving school catchments' externalities, we address that a complicated game relationship exists between school catchments, schools, individuals and government. With the implementation of nearby enrollment policy, government has distributed basic educational resources to citizens according to their residence. The demand for school catchment houses exceeds the supply. The price of school catchment houses has become higher and higher. As a consequence, school catchments and school catchment houses has generated positive and negative externalities. In the economic aspect, positive externalities reflect on individual level while negative externalities more are on the whole market. The externalities shape urban spaces undoubtedly. The substantial appreciation of prices makes only the rich can afford school catchment houses and high-quality educational resources. Indeed high-quality educational resources have been capitalized into school catchment houses price. On the basis of sorting out the experience of major cities in developed countries, this article points out that present zoning policy is making the scarcity of school catchments become increasingly intruding rather than fading, which push school catchment houses prices up. In terms of modern education's function, policies need to take both equity and differentiation into account.
Key wordsschool catchment    housing    externality    urban space    educational space   
收稿日期: 2017-08-11     
基金资助:

国家自然科学基金重点基金项目(41530751);国家自然科学基金青年项目——面上连续项目(41371008);中国科学院青年创新促进研究会(2014042);中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所可桢杰出青年学者计划(2016RC101)

作者简介: 杨振山(1979-),男,天津人,博士,副研究员,主要从事城市和区域规划研究。E-mail:yangzs@igsnrr.ac.cn。
引用本文:   
杨振山, 粟子林, 丁悦, 程哲. 学区化外部性对城市空间的影响[J]. 人文地理, 2018, 33(4): 60-67. YANG Zhen-shan, SU Zi-lin, DING Yue, CHENG Zhe. THE EXTERNAL EFFECT OF JIAOYUFICATION UPON URBAN SPACE. HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, 2018, 33(4): 60-67.
链接本文:  
http://rwdl.xisu.edu.cn/CN/10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2018.04.009      或     http://rwdl.xisu.edu.cn/CN/Y2018/V33/I4/60
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