From Aristotle's age to today, human understanding of "Man-Environment Relationship" is costantly deepening--from "determinism" to "possibilism", "adap-labilism"、"ecologism" and "harmonism", while these ideas were rather one-sided and couldn't reveal the essence of "Man-Environment relationship". This paper suggests that the relationship should be studied from the viewpoints of cultural anthropology and history. The levels of development determine man's impact on environment;and the latter affects human beings through it's impact on product-ive forces, and, thus, on the superstructure of human society.