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15 October 2026, Volume 41 Issue 5
    

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    THEORY DEVELOPMENT
  • REPRODUCTIVE GEOGRAPHY: INTELLECTUAL LINEAGE, RESEARCH AGENDAS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS
    WU Shuang
    HUMAN GEOGRAPHY. 2026, 41(5): 1-11. https://doi.org/10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2026.05.001
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    Against the backdrop of an intensifying global care crisis, which is characterized by demographic shifts, the neoliberal restructuring of welfare systems, and the increasing precariousness of labor, the discipline of geography has rigorously turned its analytical lens toward the complex temporal and spatial reconfigurations of social reproduction. Rooted fundamentally in Marxist social reproduction theory, reproductive geography transcends traditional biological parameters to investigate the spatial logic, uneven geographical developments, and socio-political significance of reproductive labor. This encompasses a comprehensive spectrum of "life-making" activities, ranging from childbirth, child-rearing, elderly care, to domestic maintenance and the continuous reproduction of the labor force. This paper provides a comprehensive, systematic review of the intellectual trajectory of reproductive geography, mapping its historical evolution and categorizing its diverse intellectual lineages into Marxist, feminist, post-structuralist, cyborg, and more-than-human approaches. It synthesizes key research agendas spanning population distribution, transnational migration, platform economies, technoscience, ethics, and social security. Finally, addressing China's urgent challenges in sustainable population development, this research proposes a normative framework for future inquiry and policy intervention: ensuring spatial justice in public resource distribution, safeguarding workers' agency against structural precarity, and strengthening affective care within everyday reproductive spaces to foster social resilience.
    • CULTURE
  • ASSEMBLING“HOME”FOR RETURN MIGRANTS: A MOBILITY PERSPECTIVE
    HUANG Chi-qin, LI Shuang, SU Xiao-bo, PENG Hui-jun
    HUMAN GEOGRAPHY. 2026, 41(5): 12-22. https://doi.org/10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2026.05.002
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    As the number of rural returnees gradually increases, the concept of "home" breaks away from initial fixed notions amid reverse urbanization and undergoes continuous reconstruction during migration. Taking "home" as an important prism to examine the socio-spatial phenomenon of homecoming mobility, this paper applies the assemblage theory and grounded theory to explore the dynamic construction mechanism of "home". The results indicate that: 1) Home construction is an assembly process involving territorialization, deterritorialization, and reterritorialization, driven by both material and spiritual factors. 2) Mobility shifts returnees from passive perception to active shaping, reinforcing their subjective initiative. 3) Mobility blurs traditional home boundaries, fostering the ongoing dismantling and reassembling of "home" through multiple dynamic factors. Moving beyond conventional unidirectional perspectives, this paper highlights the fullprocess presentation of "home" from departure to return. In light of China's urban-rural dynamics, it broadens the application of assemblage theory and offers valuable insights for fostering new human-land interactions.
    • SOCIETY
  • MULTIDIMENSIONAL DIAGNOSIS AND GOVERNANCE RESPONSE TO SPATIAL MATCHING OF HIERARCHICAL MEDICAL SYSTEM IN AGING CITIES: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE AT THE COMMUNITY SCALE IN NANJING
    QIANG Huan-huan, XIE Xin-yu
    HUMAN GEOGRAPHY. 2026, 41(5): 23-32. https://doi.org/10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2026.05.003
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    Under deep aging and urbanization, medical resource spatial mismatch restricts the effectiveness of tiered healthcare systems. Using spatial equity theory and complex adaptive systems, this paper introduces the Service Capacity Index (SCI) to construct a dual-dimensional“space-function”framework. Studying 1, 518 Nanjing communities, we find: 1) Elderly healthcare demand shows a“core-periphery”pattern, revealing those per capita indicators underestimate demand heterogeneity; 2) 32.57% of communities face grassroots“high demand-low supply”mismatches, while potential crisis areas have SCI values below 0.5, indicating functional vulnerabilities under future aging. The study proposes shifting from“spatial adaptation”to “functional reconstruction”through embedded capacity expansion, resource reallocation, grassroots strengthening, and medical consortiums to support precise medical resource allocation and hierarchical healthcare.
  • THE HETEROGENEOUS IMPACT OF HIGH-SPEED RAIL OPERATION ON LABOR MOBILITY FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF MARKET POTENTIAL
    WANG Qiang, MU Xue-ying, YANG Qing-yuan, WANG Wen-xin
    HUMAN GEOGRAPHY. 2026, 41(5): 33-42,137. https://doi.org/10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2026.05.004
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    This paper utilizes data from the National Dynamic Monitoring Survey of Migrant Population (CMDS) from 2013 to 2017 and employs a conditional logit model to analyze the heterogeneous impact of urban high-speed rail (HSR) on labor mobility. It also constructs an HSR-induced market potential index to investigate the underlying mechanism. The research indicates that labor tends to migrate towards the eastern region, megacities, and large cities. The opening of urban HSR significantly increases labor mobility, a conclusion robust to multiple tests. Regarding heterogeneity, the eastern region benefits from high coverage of the HSR network, attracting labor from unconnected cities, whereas in the central and western regions, the opening of HSR accelerates the outflow of labor to regional hub cities. The opening of urban HSR has a more significant impact on the mobility of female workers, those with a college degree or above, and production/transportation equipment operators. Moreover, market potential induced by HSR has a significant positive impact on labor mobility. This study reveals the differential pulling effect of high-speed rail on labor mobility, thereby providing a policy-making basis for scientifically planning high‐speed rail networks, optimizing the spatial allocation of labor, and promoting.
    • CITY
  • IMPACT OF THE DIGITAL ECONOMY ON ECONOMIC RESILIENCE OF URBAN AGGLOMERATIONS: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS
    ZHANG Xue-bo, GENG Yu, KONG Yuan-yuan, HAN Jia-rong
    HUMAN GEOGRAPHY. 2026, 41(5): 43-54,192. https://doi.org/10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2026.05.005
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    The digital economy is profoundly reshaping the economic structures of urban agglomerations and the intercity linkages within them. However, whether and how the digital economy influences the economic resilience of urban agglomerations remains to be empirically tested and analyzed. This study employs fixedeffects and mediation models to examine the impact of the digital economy on the economic resilience of urban agglomerations and to uncover the underlying mechanisms. The main findings are as follows: 1) The digital economy significantly enhances the economic resilience of urban agglomerations, with industrial digitization exerting a stronger effect than digital industrialization; 2) Mediation analysis indicates that the digital economy enhances economic resilience through three main channels: technological innovation, industrial structure upgrading, and the optimization of the spatial structure of urban agglomerations; 3) Heterogeneity analysis shows that the resilience-enhancing effect of the digital economy varies with the developmental stage of urban agglomerations, their initial level of economic resilience, and time. The effect is most pronounced in urban agglomerations undergoing optimization and upgrading, as well as those with moderate resilience levels. Moreover, the influence of the digital economy has intensified significantly since 2017. Urban agglomerations at different stages of development exhibit significant differences in the mechanisms through which the digital economy influences them.
  • FROM MECHANICAL SPACE TO ORGANIC SPACE: THE SPATIAL TRANSFORMATION MECHANISM OF INDUSTRY-CITY INTEGRATION: THE CASE OF QINGPU NEW CITY IN SHANGHAI
    WEI Cheng-lin, MENG Wan-ji
    HUMAN GEOGRAPHY. 2026, 41(5): 55-63. https://doi.org/10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2026.05.006
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    Industry-city integration is an important path to achieve new urbanization and high-quality economic development. At present, the mechanical spatial combination of industrial parks and surrounding villages has led to problems such as the growth of informal spaces, ineffective law enforcement, and fragmented governance. Through cooperation with local governments and communities, Shanghai Mobile Smart Land Industrial Park realizes functional convergence, community interaction, and facility sharing, breaking "industry-city separation", and provides practical lessons for other regions. By drawing on the theories of organic renewal and spatial production, this paper proposes the concept of "organic space", establishes an analytical framework for the transformation from "mechanical space" to "organic space", and uses semistructured interviews to examine its driving forces and spatial production mechanisms. It is found that the organizational cohesion mechanism, the spatial function complementarity mechanism, and the villageenterprise reciprocal mechanism under the guidance of Party building are key to the transformation. This study provides a spatial production perspective for industry-city integration, and points out that only by actively collaborating with the government and village communities to create organic public life can park operators retain enterprises and talents, realize industrial upgrading, and achieve high-quality development.
    • ECONOMY
  • DIGITAL ECONOMY AND REGIONAL INDUSTRIAL UPGRADING UNDER NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL TRANSFER POLICIES
    MA Li-li, GU Yu
    HUMAN GEOGRAPHY. 2026, 41(5): 64-74. https://doi.org/10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2026.05.007
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    Evaluating how the digital economy impacts regional industrial upgrading under policy interventions is crucial for optimizing spatial productivity layouts. Treating the establishment of National Industrial Transfer Demonstration Zones as a quasi-natural experiment, this paper uses panel data from Chinese prefecture-level cities from 2001 to 2024. We employ Staggered Difference-in-Differences, Panel Threshold, and Spatial Durbin models to examine the combined impacts, underlying mechanisms, and spatial dynamics. The main findings are as follows: 1) The policy overlap with the digital economy triggers resource competition and a substitution effect in the short term. This leads to a temporary structural adjustment period, which is particularly pronounced in old industrial bases and regions with weak digital infrastructure. 2) Factor spatial misallocation, especially in labor, serves as the primary bottleneck. Incumbent firms strategically cut back on substantive green R&D for survival, creating a masking effect that temporarily cushions immediate cost pressures. 3) The empowering effect of the digital economy follows a U-shaped non-linear threshold pattern. Synergistic dividends emerge only after crossing a critical threshold. Moreover, demonstration zone policies exert a siphon effect on neighboring areas, whereas digital networks help mitigate administrative barriers and spatial fragmentation.
  • A NOVEL METHOD FOR EVALUATING THE PORT-CITY RELATIONSHIP FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF EVOLUTIONARY ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY: THE PIDI INDEX
    LI Nan, CHANG Wen-Qian, HAN Guo-Yue
    HUMAN GEOGRAPHY. 2026, 41(5): 75-86. https://doi.org/10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2026.05.008
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    Unlike methods such as RCI and DCI that mainly evaluate the scale relationship between ports and cities, this research is based on the theory of evolutionary economic geography, taking the comparison between industrial diversity and port development levels as the key to evaluate the types and evolution of port-city relationships. After measuring the port development level and the industrial diversification level of port cities separately, this study uses functional data analysis as a computational tool and proposes a new method for evaluating port-city relationships, namely the Port-Industry Diversity Index (PIDI). Taking the port-city cluster in the Bohai Rim as a case study, this study calculates the changing characteristics of the PIDI matrix from 2003 to 2022. The research findings are as follows: 1) The PIDI designed by combining industrial diversity with port development level can evaluate the evolution of port cities more accurately, inferring the types of port-industry relationships and path dependence. 2) Compared with the original methods, the PIDI, emphasizing the core role of industrial development in transmitting port-city relationships, has advantages in a comprehensive indicator system and the use of functional data analysis. The empirical application in the Bohai Rim demonstrates that the PIDI can distinguish types of port-city relationships in different periods scientifically and comprehensively. 3) According to the PIDI calculations, there are four types of port-city relationships in the Bohai Rim: path-dependent positive interaction type, path-dependent portindustry mismatch type, path-breakthrough positive interaction type, and path-breakthrough port-industry mismatch type.
  • THE INFLUENCE MECHANISM OF “NEIGHBORING REGIONS” ON LOCAL EXPORT UPGRADING UNDER REGIONAL INTEGRATION: EVIDENCE FROM THE NEW ENERGY VEHICLE INDUSTRY IN THE PEARL RIVER DELTA
    LI Shan, LI Si-yu, LI Xun, FENG Yu-yang, CHEN Ting-ting, QIN Xiao-zhen, CHEN Le
    HUMAN GEOGRAPHY. 2026, 41(5): 87-101. https://doi.org/10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2026.05.009
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    Moving beyond firm-level limitations and knowledge "buzz/pipelines," this paper integrates theories of technological complexity, proximity, and regional integration to construct an analytical framework examining how neighboring regions influence local export upgrading through four key "pipelines." Employing the Pearl River Delta (PRD) new energy vehicle (NEV) industry as a case study, this study builds a multiscale database using customs and patent data, confirming that the "good neighbor" effect from proximate areas significantly promotes export upgrading, providing valuable insights for regional policy formulation.
    • RURAL
  • HOW CAN RURAL REVITALIZATION BE ACHIEVED? EMPOWERING PATHS OF THE INTEGRATION OF AGRICULTURE, CULTURE AND TOURISM: A CASE STUDY BASED ON GROUNDED THEORY AND fsQCA
    XU Dong, Wu Ya-xin, YU Feng-long, HUANG Rui
    HUMAN GEOGRAPHY. 2026, 41(5): 102-114. https://doi.org/10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2026.05.010
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    Uncovering how agro-cultural tourism integration empowers rural revitalization is crucial for tailoring local tourism development. Taking rural destinations in southern Jiangsu as cases, this study explores its dynamic mechanisms and multiple configuration paths from the perspective of residents' cognition using grounded theory and fsQCA. The results show that industrial development lays the economic foundation, cultural and environmental construction shapes rural fields, organizational governance runs through the entire process, and livelihood feedback forms a virtuous cycle. Organizational governance is the most critical factor. Furthermore, fsQCA identifies four effective configurations: culture-led tourism, ecology-grounded agriculture, secondary industry extension, and human-land organizational synergy. This study clarifies the empowering logic of agro-cultural tourism integration and provides references for agricultural and rural modernization.
  • EVOLUTION OF COUPLING COORDINATION PATTERNS AND DRIVING MECHANISMS BETWEEN RURAL INDUSTRIAL CONVERGENCE AND AGRICULTURAL GREEN DEVELOPMENT IN CHINA
    LI Zhao-guang, HU Kai, YANG Yang, CHEN Zhuan-qing
    HUMAN GEOGRAPHY. 2026, 41(5): 115-127,162. https://doi.org/10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2026.05.011
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    To promote agricultural industrial upgrading, this paper utilizes the panel data of 270 China cities from 2013 to 2022 to examine the spatiotemporal evolution of rural industrial convergence and agricultural green development, as well as their coupling coordination and driving mechanisms. The results show that: 1) Both systems exhibit upward trends, with integration showing an "east-high, west-low" pattern and green development evolving toward a multi-center structure. 2) The coupling coordination degree has shifted from imbalance to coordination, displaying a spatial characteristic of "northern and coastal regions outperforming southern and inland areas." 3) Urbanization, farmers' wealth, financial inclusion, and education development exert the most significant impacts, with their interactions demonstrating non-linear enhancement. These findings highlight the need for tailored policies based on regional coordination types and factor interactions.
  • RESEARCH ON THE LOCAL REVITALIZATION OF TRADITIONAL VILLAGES BASED ON GROUNDED THEORY: A CASE STUDY OF THREE TRADITIONAL VILLAGES IN THE LONGZHONG LOESS HILLY AND GULLY AREA
    XUE Qian-ming, HUANG Yue-hao
    HUMAN GEOGRAPHY. 2026, 41(5): 128-137. https://doi.org/10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2026.05.012
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    To enhance the local adaptability and appropriateness of traditional village protection and development, this study investigates three distinct types of traditional villages in the Longzhong loess hilly and gully area utilizing grounded theory and in-depth field surveys. The empirical findings indicate that five practical pathways—encompassing culture, industry, population, landscape, and institutional mechanisms—effectively address local development demands. Specifically, population and industry serve as the core drivers for dynamic village development, culture and landscape constitute the foundational base, and governance mechanisms ensure successful implementation. Furthermore, these five integrated pathways comprehensively correspond to local loess cultural characteristics, regional economic advancement, villagers as core agents, settlements alongside ecological environments, and institutional governance, thereby offering robust practical guidance for sustainable regional village revitalization. Ultimately, these empirical insights contribute significantly to the theoretical construction of localized rural geography while providing actionable references for broader rural transformation and regional sustainability.
    • POPULATION
  • COUPLING COORDINATION BETWEEN HIGH-QUALITY POPULATION DEVELOPMENT AND PUBLIC SERVICES IN COUNTY AREAS AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF URBAN-RURAL INTEGRATION
    YANG Sheng-li, LIU Jin-pan
    HUMAN GEOGRAPHY. 2026, 41(5): 138-151. https://doi.org/10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2026.05.013
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    High-quality population development is an important feedback and driving force for the provision of public services, while public services serve as a solid guarantee for high-quality population development. Based on county-level data, this paper employs the entropy weight method, coupling coordination degree model, and spatial autocorrelation analysis to explore the spatiotemporal evolution laws of the comprehensive development level, relative development degree, and coupling coordination degree between high-quality population development and public services in China from 2010 to 2020. The results show that: 1) From 2010 to 2020, both county-level high-quality population development and public service provision levels in China exhibited a continuous upward trend; however, the "inconsistency" in their spatial patterns became increasingly prominent, accompanied by widening regional disparities. 2) The coupling coordination degree between the two systems demonstrated a spatial characteristic of "high coupling, low coordination," with the dominant coordination types being "on the verge of imbalance," "barely coordinated," and "primary coordination." 3) A positive and intensifying spatial autocorrelation was identified in the coupling coordination degree, which was predominantly characterized by high-high and low-low clustering types, with each aggregation type exhibiting a relatively concentrated geographical distribution.
  • INFLUENCING FACTORS OF INTERCITY MOBILITY AND TRAVEL TENDENCIES IN CHINA: EVIDENCE FROM THE BAIDU SEARCH INDEX
    AN Di, HU Ying-jie
    HUMAN GEOGRAPHY. 2026, 41(5): 152-162. https://doi.org/10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2026.05.014
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    Accurately identifying the spatiotemporal patterns and influencing factors of population mobility is crucial for high-quality demographic development. Focusing on 336 administrative units above the prefecture level in China, we used the Baidu index to construct intercity migration and travel tendency networks (2011-2021). Applying social network analysis and exponential random graph models (ERGMs), we compared their evolutionary trends, spatial patterns, and influencing factors. Both indicators were validated against official migration statistics and LBS-based travel data. Findings reveal: 1) Both indicators show significant correlations with actual mobility data, revealing the evolution of intercity mobility in China and identifying an "inflection point" in 2015. 2) Spatially, both networks aggregate east of the Hu Huanyong Line, forming a "diamond structure" centered around five major urban agglomerations. However, their hinterlands differ: travel networks are clustered, while migration networks are hierarchical. 3) Both are influenced by urban attributes, intercity relationships, and network structural variables. Economic characteristics and local qualities jointly shape them. Among these factors, population size and density, the proportion of the tertiary industry, and medical services play key roles in the formation and evolution of migration tendency.
    • TOURISM
  • SPATIOTEMPORAL DIFFERENTIATION AND DRIVING MECHANISMS OF PROVINCIAL CULTURAL AND TOURISM INTEGRATION: THE CASE OF SHAANXI PROVINCE
    LI Dong, REN Yu-hang, CHEN Jun-tong, LI Kai-yu, TIAN Xin-yu
    HUMAN GEOGRAPHY. 2026, 41(5): 163-172. https://doi.org/10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2026.05.015
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    To address the neglect of“cultural undertakings”in traditional binary culture-tourism frameworks, this paper constructs an innovative tripartite theoretical framework integrating cultural undertakings (institutional supply), cultural industries (market drive), and tourism (spatial carrier). Taking Shaanxi Province as a case study utilizing panel data spanning from 2007 to 2024, this research employs the entropy weight method, CCD model, ESDA, and geographical detector to systematically examine spatiotemporal differentiation and underlying driving mechanisms. The empirical results indicate that: 1) Temporally, the integration level in Shaanxi upgraded from "moderate imbalance" to "intermediate coordination," exhibiting pronounced club convergence. 2) Spatially, the integration pattern formed a rigid monopolar structure centered on Xi’an, resulting in a "high-value island" spatial lock-in due to weak core-periphery linkages. 3) Mechanistically, consumption demand has replaced natural resources as the primary driver, with its interaction with human capital yielding the strongest nonlinear synergy, signaling a shift toward "market-innovation" synergy. The findings suggest that breaking path dependence requires transitioning from resource exploitation to institutional optimization through collaborative governance, regional integration, and public service equalization.
  • ROSES GIVEN, FRAGRANCE IN HAND: THE BACK-FEEDING EFFECT AND MECHANISM OF FOREIGN AID ON CHINA'S INBOUND TOURISM
    WANG Juan, WEI Rong-jie, ZHANG Huan
    HUMAN GEOGRAPHY. 2026, 41(5): 173-180. https://doi.org/10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2026.05.016
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    Foreign aid facilitates multi-level interactions and mutual benefits between donor and recipient countries within the framework of international investment and trade. China's foreign aid has contributed to poverty alleviation in developing countries and fostered innovations in the international aid architecture, building a positive national reputation and a conducive soft environment for international tourism cooperation. But few studies explore the back-feeding effect of foreign aid on donor countries, and even fewer focus on the development of tourism in donor countries. Therefore, using data on China's foreign aid and inbound tourism from 102 recipient countries during 2005-2019, this study empirically examines the effects and mechanisms of foreign aid's back-feeding on China's inbound tourism. The results reveal that: 1) Foreign aid significantly enhances inbound tourism growth, exhibiting both short-term and long-term effects, with the former manifesting rapidly and the latter accumulating progressively. 2) China's foreign aid influences inbound tourism through national reputation, investment and trade linkages, and infrastructure development. Among these, the effect of infrastructure development is the most pronounced, while national reputation is relatively the smallest. 3) Heterogeneity test reveals that among recipient countries along the "Belt and Road", those with a lower level of economic development and larger aid allocations exhibit a stronger positive effect. These findings broaden the evaluative dimensions of foreign aid and offer policy-relevant insights for diversifying China's inbound tourism markets and stimulating inbound tourism consumption.
  • STUDY ON THE COUPLING COORDINATION OF DIGITAL ECONOMY, ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT, AND TOURISM INDUSTRY IN THE YELLOW RIVER BASIN
    DUAN Zhao-wen, TIAN Xin-yu
    HUMAN GEOGRAPHY. 2026, 41(5): 181-192. https://doi.org/10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2026.05.017
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    This paper applies the coupling coordination degree model, Dagum Gini coefficient, and obstacle degree model to systematically examine the spatiotemporal evolution, spatial disparities, and constraining factors of the coupling coordination among the digital economy, ecological environment, and tourism industry across 56 prefecture-level cities in the Yellow River Basin from 2011 to 2022. The empirical results indicate that: 1) The average indices of the three systems showed an overall upward trend during the study period. Specifically, the coupling coordination degree gradually improved from "moderate imbalance" to "mild imbalance," suggesting that the interactive relationship among the systems became increasingly harmonized. 2) The spatial distribution of the coordination degree exhibited a distinct pattern characterized by "low in the west, high in the east, and transitional in the middle," accompanied by a significant positive spatial agglomeration effect and prominent regional persistence. 3) The overall Dagum Gini coefficient of coupling coordination showed a fluctuating downward trend, indicating that regional disparities gradually narrowed, while intra-regional imbalances remained the primary source of the overall regional gap. 4) The obstacle degree analysis demonstrates that the principal factors restricting the coordinated development of the three systems include tourism foreign exchange earnings, the proportion of employees engaged in the computer services and software industry, inbound tourist arrivals, per capita telecommunications business volume, the number of A-level tourist attractions, and per capita water resources.
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