This paper is an attempt to analysize a notable impact, the geographical environment may have made on the unification and the separation of the state in the history of China. The analysis is worked out from the point of view based upon culture geography. Meanwhile, the paper also clarifies the dialec-tical relationship between nature and humanistic history. The argument is that the ancient town effect' produed by mountains and rivers and the differences between various nations' specificities in distinctive regions can form a threat to the unification of the state, yet, constitute at the sametime one of the prerequisite for the unity of multi-nationalities and the development of regional culture.