Geographical environment is one of the most important factors among all the natural conditions in agricultural production. Regarding the development of agriculture oneself as the motive, geographical environment of agriculture also presented for a fluctuating process. Based on different natural condition, the agricultural geographic environment has already had the obvious regional characteristics at the birth of the primitive agriculture. During the Xia dynasty, Shang dynasty and Zhou dynasty, the idea of "the area rows of nine states" had emerged with the expansion of farming region and ruling scope, which means that people had produced some basic cognitions about the difference of agricultural geographic environment and development level which related geographical environment.With the further development and advances of the agricultural technologies and based on the geographical environmental conditions, the agricultural economic development and the shift of its centers also possess the apparent hierarchical and regional characteristics in the course of history:The first part is the dry farming region in the middle and lower reaches of Yellow River due to soft soil and liable reclamation condition; then follows the rice farming region along the Yangtze River since the Sui and Tang Dynasties where the development and exploration surpassed the preceding; last reaches the new stage of development in the higher and cold regions of the Northeast Plain and Qinghai-xizang Plateau with the development and accumulation of agricultural sci-tech and experience in Ming and Qing periods owing to the gradually pressing contradiction between growing population and limited arable land.