One of the popular topics in economic geography is the spatial distribution of economic resources like capital and population.But there is a lack of efficient tools in economic geography to appraise the rationality of the distribution.The authors studied the distribution of human capital among provinces in China and used micro-economic theory and analytical tool to appraise its rationality.According to the production theory in micro-economics,the utilization of resource gets to the highest efficiency when its marginal product equals in different uses.Applying this theory to the issue of human capital distribution,it gets the highest efficiency when the marginal product of human capital equals in every provinces.Based on this standard,the authors calculated the marginal products of primary-educated,secondary-educated and high-educated human capitals in every province and found the gap of marginal product among provinces is from 7 times in high-educated human capital to 20 times in primary-educated human capital.This result proofed the irrational spatial distribution of human capital in China.Further more,the authors calculated the loss from the low efficiency is 13% of the national GDP.For improving the efficiency of human capital,the free moving of population is necessary.The authors checked out the moving direction of primary-educated,secondary-educated and high-educated human capitals among provinces.