The development of tourism is based on the tourism system. The tourism system is constructed with the element of tourism in the law of spatial distribution. In order to develop tourism, it is important for us to know well of the law of spatial distribution of the tourism system.
Looking from a macroscopic angle, the element of the tourism system mainly includes the tourist generating places, tourism transportation and the attraction sites. According to the construction principle of the computer network, we regard the tourist generating place and the attraction site as nodes, and the tourism transportation as passageway. The movement of tourists on the passageway forms the tourist flow. So the node and the passageway, which are connected with each other, constitute a graph that has some objective law. We call the method and form of the connection of the node and the passageway as tourism spatial topological structure.
This article combines the chart theory and the knowledge of the topological structure of the computer network. And it unites the idea of scale in the computer network. Through research, we put forward the spatial scalable topological structure of the essential factor distribution in the tourism system. We carry on the analysis, taking the regional spatial structure of the attraction site, the transportation line, the tourist generating places of Shaanxi Province as an example. The spatial topological structure of tourism system can be divided into two layers. The two layers are the layer of tourist generating place and the layer of the attraction site. In the layer of tourist generating place, there is a spatial structure composed by the tourist generating places and the transportation lines. And in the layer of the attraction site, there is a spatial structure composed by the attraction sites and the transportation lines. We express the spatial structures with the topological structures as single-track, star, tree, annular as well as lattice. And we discussed the spatial distribution rule of Shaanxi Province's attraction sites, the transportation lines and the tourist generating places, using the theory of spatial scalable topological structure.