Taking Shiyang River Basin as an study area, the article employs the technical processes and assessment to calculate road network density of Shiyang River Basin base on analysis the social and economic using GIS technology, and then analyze the relationship of the network density with population and GDP. It is found that there exists a stable mathematical relation and a statistics law among them. Considering that the road net building is influenced by the industrial structure of resources, the road building policy, the highway net construction policies and the other transport patterns, so a concept of highway dependence-favoritism index is put forward, which is used to explain the variation between the actually obtained highway net densities and the values obtained by model calculation. The results show that:The density of road network in Shiyang River Basin is outward decay along the center of Jinchang and Wuwei City. Besides, the study also found that the county and central city basically formed a small group of road network in these areas and some key towns may become potential areas, which may develop very fast in road network in the future. This study can afford a fundamental theory for the harmony development of the road network of Shiyang River Basin, population and economy.