Since the 1990s, the study of the impact on urban and regional space of high-speed rail has deepened constantly at home and abroad. Its research paradigm has enriched continuously, presenting the multiple perspectives, multi-level, theoretical and empirical, qualitative and quantitative research systems. After the three development waves of high-speed rail happened throughout the world, China put forward the construction of four lengthwise lines and four horizontal lines passenger transportation in the medium and longterm railway network planning in 2004. And in 2008, China made some adjustments in medium and longterm railway network planning. China's high-speed rail construction has entered a golden period. And the impact of high-speed rail on urban and regional space has also gradually been obvious. The impact on urban and regional space of high-speed railway follows such a research context: the changes of transportation accessibility—spatial effect—the impact of urban and regional economy—the evolution of spatial structure. In terms of high-speed rail traffic accessibility changing, scholars usually use the weighted average travel time, economic potential value and daily accessibility to measure the changes of accessibility. The research angle of scholars is more focus on national and regional levels. The focus of academic debate mainly concentrates in accessibility spatial equilibrium difference with different spatial scales. High-speed rail could cause multiple spacial effects. These spacial effects include nodes and site effect, space-time effect, boundary breakthrough and location enhanced effect and urban integration effect. The impact of high-speed rail on regional economic development is mainly manifested in several aspects: the direct economic benefit produced by high-speed rail, the impact on industry by high-speed rail, the impact on real estate market by high-speed rail and the impact on the urban and regional macro economy by high-speed rail.