MOUNTAIN-BY-MOUNTAIN PATH-FINDING: THE INFLUENCING FACTORS OF MOUNTAIN TOURISM PARTICIPATION BEHAVIOR

GUO Qi, JIANG Yi-yi, LIANG Cai-rong, JIANG Lei

HUMAN GEOGRAPHY ›› 2026, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (2) : 152-161.

PDF(2727 KB)
PDF(2727 KB)
HUMAN GEOGRAPHY ›› 2026, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (2) : 152-161. DOI: 10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2026.02.016
TOURISM

MOUNTAIN-BY-MOUNTAIN PATH-FINDING: THE INFLUENCING FACTORS OF MOUNTAIN TOURISM PARTICIPATION BEHAVIOR

  • GUO Qi1,2, JIANG Yi-yi1,3, LIANG Cai-rong1, JIANG Lei1
Author information +
History +

Abstract

This study constructs a theoretical model of mountain tourism participation behavior by integrating SOR theory, MOA theory, and the BRA model. Using a questionnaire survey and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), the study identifies key influencing factors and causal mechanisms, outlines behavioral patterns and participant segmentation characteristics, and proposes adaptive management strategies based on differences in behavioral traits and dynamic adaptation needs. The findings reveal the following: 1) Six endogenous factors are the core influencing factors of mountain tourism participation behavior, and they constitute six path formation types of mountain tourism participation behavior. Among these, four correspond to high participation behaviors, namely risk core-multiple synergy, motivation core-benefit driven, benefit core-risk trade-off, and system adaptation-stimulus regulation; while the other two represent non-high participation behaviors, namely core missing-negative response and risk passivation-low sensitivity response. 2) Key differences between high and non-high participation behaviors lie in the characteristics of the paths, the asymmetry of the action mechanisms, and the dynamic nature of the decision-making process. 3) Adaptive management strategies are proposed, including interventions tailored to participants' decisionmaking traits, personalized services based on market dynamics and consumer needs, and adjustments to tactical and service frameworks in response to subtle behavioral shifts.

Key words

mountain tourism / participation behavior / influencing factors / configuration path / fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA)

Cite this article

Download Citations
GUO Qi, JIANG Yi-yi, LIANG Cai-rong, JIANG Lei. MOUNTAIN-BY-MOUNTAIN PATH-FINDING: THE INFLUENCING FACTORS OF MOUNTAIN TOURISM PARTICIPATION BEHAVIOR[J]. HUMAN GEOGRAPHY. 2026, 41(2): 152-161 https://doi.org/10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2026.02.016

References

[1] 邓伟,熊永兰,赵纪东,等.国际山地研究计划的启示[J].山地学报, 2013,31(3):377-384. [Deng Wei, Xiong Yonglan, Zhao Jidong, et al. Enlightenment from international mountain research projects[J]. Journal of Mountain Science, 2013,31(3):377-384.]
[2] 田瑾,明庆忠.山地旅游目的地“山—镇”双核结构空间联系及耦合机理:来自云南丽江的案例剖析[J].经济地理,2021,41(1):212-220. [Tian Jin, Ming Qingzhong. Spatial connection between mountainous scenic spot and town in mountain tourism destination and coupling mechanism: A cases study from Lijiang, Yunnan[J]. Economic Geography, 2021,41(1):212-220.]
[3] 郭彩玲.我国山地旅游资源特征及可持续开发利用对策探讨[J].地域研究与开发,2006,25(3):56-59. [Guo Cailing. A study on the characteristics and sustainable development of the mountainous tourism resources in China[J]. Areal Research and Development, 2006,25(3):56-59.]
[4] Scott D, Steiger R, Rutty M, et al. The differential futures of ski tourism in Ontario (Canada) under climate change: The limits of snowmaking adaptation[J]. Current Issues in Tourism, 2019,22(11): 1327-1342.
[5] Williams A M, Baláž V. Tourism risk and uncertainty: Theoretical reflections[J]. Journal of Travel Research, 2015,54(3):271-287.
[6] Bargeman B, Richards G. A new approach to understanding tourism practices[J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 2020,84:102988. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2020.102988.
[7] Mauri C, Nava C R. Do tourists experience boredom in mountain destinations? [J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 2021, 89: 103213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2021.103213.
[8] Bigné E, Zanfardini M, Andreu L. How online reviews of destination responsibility influence tourists' evaluations: An exploratory study of mountain tourism[J]. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 2019, 28(5):686-704.
[9] Steiger R, Knowles N, Pöll K, et al. Impacts of climate change on mountain tourism: A review[J]. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 2022,32(9):1984-2017.
[10] 田瑾,明庆忠.国外山地旅游研究热点、进展与启示[J].世界地理研究,2020,29(5):1071-1081. [Tian Jin, Ming Qingzhong. Hotspots, progress and enlightenments of foreign mountain tourism research [J]. World Regional Studies, 2020,29(5):1071-1081.]
[11] 黄静波.基于AHP法的南岭山地旅游资源定量评价[J].经济地理, 2009,29(5):866-870. [Huang Jingbo. The tourist resources quantitative evaluation of the south mountain based on AHP[J]. Economic Geography, 2009,29(5):866-870.]
[12] 石长波,王玉.基于AHM改进模型的黑龙江山地旅游资源评价与开发战略设计[J].旅游学刊, 2009, 24(2): 64-69. [Shi Changbo, Wang Yu. Evaluation and development strategy of mountainous tourism resources in Heilongjiang Province based on improved AHM model[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2009,24(2):64-69.]
[13] 张述林,姜辽,张彦歌.空间思维观下的山地旅游开发理念刍论:以陕西省镇巴县为例[J].人文地理,2008,23(5):84-87. [Zhang Shulin, Jiang Liao, Zhang Yange. The discusses of mountain tourism development theory on the basis spatial thinking: A case study of Zhenba county of Shaanxi province[J]. Human Geography, 2008, 23(5):84-87.]
[14] 闻扬,刘霞.基于社区参与的四川山地旅游发展[J].财经科学,2009(2): 110-115. [Wen Yang, Liu Xia. Study on community participation-based mountainous region tourism of Sichuan[J]. Finance & Economics, 2009(2):110-115.]
[15] 史鹏飞,明庆忠.山地旅游体验研究进展及展望[J].旅游科学,2024, 38(5):57-79. [Shi Pengfei, Ming Qingzhong. Research progress and prospects on mountain tourism experience[J]. Tourism Science, 2024, 38(5):57-79.]
[16] 田瑾,明庆忠,刘安乐.基于时间地理学的旅游可达性测评模型及在山地旅游景区应用研究[J].人文地理,2023,38(2):181-191. [Tian Jin, Ming Qingzhong, Liu Anle. Research of tourism accessibility evaluation model and its application in Yunnan mountain tourist attractions based on time geography[J]. Human Geography, 2023,38(2):181-191.]
[17] 刘宏妍,晏富恒.山地旅游产业发展潜力评测体系构建与发展路径研究[J].税务与经济,2021(2):89-97. [Liu Hongyan, Yan Fuheng. Research on the construction and development path of the potential evaluation system of mountain tourism industry development[J]. Taxation and Economy, 2021(2):89-97.]
[18] Pomfret G. Mountaineering adventure tourists: A conceptual framework for research[J]. Tourism Management, 2006,27(1):113-123.
[19] Mehrabian A, Russell J A. An Approach to Environmental Psychology[M]. Cambridge: The MIT Press, 1974:1-210.
[20] Lee S, Ha S, Widdows R. Consumer responses to high-technology products: Product attributes, cognition, and emotions[J]. Journal of Business Research, 2011,64(11):1195-1200.
[21] 肖宁,杨金华,徐元诏,等.网红博主与网红场景对出游意愿和口碑推荐的影响[J].人文地理,2024,39(1):184-192. [Xiao Ning, Yang Jinhua, Xu Yuanzhao, et al. Influence of internet celebrity blogger and internet celebrity scene on travel intention and word-of-mouth recommendation[J]. Human Geography, 2024,39(1):184-192.]
[22] 赵莹,林家惠,刘逸.基于眼动实验的旅游地景观视觉评价研究:以珠海市唐家古镇为例[J].人文地理,2020,35(5):130-140. [Zhao Ying, Lin Jiahui, Liu Yi. Research on visual evaluation of tourism scenery based on eye movement experiment: A case of Tangjia ancient town in Zhuhai[J]. Human Geography, 2020,35(5):130-140.]
[23] 刘雷,史小强.新冠肺炎疫情背景下体育旅游消费行为影响机制:基于SOR框架的MOA-TAM整合模型的实证分析[J].旅游学刊, 2021,36(8):52-70. [Liu Lei, Shi Xiaoqiang. Research on the impact mechanism of sports tourism consumption behavior under the background of the normalization of COVID-19 prevention and control: Empirical analysis of MOA-TAM integration model based on S-OR framework[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2021,36(8):52-70.]
[24] 毛润泽,刘源,刘震.露营旅游者行为意向的影响因素及组态路径:基于模糊集定性比较分析[J].旅游科学,2024,38(8):88-108. [Mao Runze, Liu Yuan, Liu Zhen. Influencing factors and configuration paths of camping tourists' behavioral intention: A qualitative comparative analysis based on fuzzy sets[J]. Tourism Science, 2024, 38(8):88-108.]
[25] MacInnis D J, Jaworski B J. Information processing from advertisements: Toward an integrative framework[J]. Journal of Marketing, 1989,53(4):1-23.
[26] 陈则谦.MOA模型的形成、发展与核心构念[J].图书馆学研究,2013(13): 53-57. [Chen Zeqian. The formation, development and core constructs of MOA[J]. Research on library science, 2013(13):53-57.]
[27] 柴寿升,龙春凤.消费者行为视角下我国海洋休闲渔业发展路径研究[J].山东大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2019(1):136-144. [Chai Shousheng, Long Chunfeng. Research on the development of marine recreational fishery under the perspective of consumer behavior [J]. Journal of Shandong University(Philosophy and Social Sciences), 2019(1):136-144.]
[28] 张宁,常帅峰,袁勤俭.元宇宙视域下数字文旅用户参与行为的影响因素[J].图书馆论坛,2024,44(1):94-104. [Zhang Ning, Chang Shuaifeng, Yuan Qinjian. Factors influencing the engagement behavior of digital cultural tourism users from a metaverse perspective [J]. Library Tribune, 2024,44(1):94-104.]
[29] 龙春凤,单军,柴啸森.旅游目的地居民品牌大使行为形成机制:基于MOA模型的实证分析[J].经济问题,2023(6):96-105. [Long Chunfeng, Shan Jun, Chai Xiaosen. Antecedents of residents' brand ambassadorial behavior for tourism destination: An empirical study based on MOA model[J]. On Economic Problems, 2023(6):96-105.]
[30] Ueland Ø, Gunnlaugsdottir H, Holm F, et al. State of the art in benefit: Risk analysis: Consumer perception[J]. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2012,50(1):67-76.
[31] Huang X Y, Li X, Lu L. Travel shaming? Re-thinking travel decision making amid a global pandemic[J]. Tourism Management, 2023,94,104658. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2022.104658.
[32] 刘法建,郭宗坤,张苏,等.基于文化动机和体验的乡村民宿旅游者分类与比较研究:以黟县宏村为例[J].干旱区资源与环境,2021, 35(10): 185-193. [Liu Fajian, Guo Zongkun, et al. The typologies and comparison of rural homestay inn tourists in Hongcun village: Based on the cultural motivation and experience[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2021,35(10):185-193.]
[33] 王兆峰,向秋霜.基于MOA模型的武陵山区社区居民参与旅游扶贫研究[J].中央民族大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2017,44(6):94-102. [Wang Zhaofeng,Xiang Qiushuang. Research of community participation in tourism poverty alleviation of Wuling mountain area based on MOA model[J]. Journal of Minzu University of China (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition), 2017,44(6):94-102.]
[34] Leung X Y, Bai B. How motivation, opportunity, and ability impact travelers' social media involvement and revisit intention[J]. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 2013,30(1/2):58-77.
[35] Mertena L, Kaaristo M, Edensor T. Tourist skills[J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 2022, 94, 103387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2022.103387.
[36] Gardiner S, Kwek A. Chinese participation in adventure tourism: A study of Generation Y international students' perceptions[J]. Journal of Travel Research, 2017,56(4):496-506.
[37] 陈楠,乔光辉,刘力.出境游客的旅游风险感知及旅游偏好关联研究:以北京游客为例[J].人文地理,2009,24(6):97-102. [Chen Nan, Qiao Guanghui, Liu Li. A study on the preferred travel behaviours of outbound tourists based on perception of travel risks: A case study of Beijing tourists[J]. Human Geography, 2009,24(6):97-102.]
[38] Sitkin S B, Pablo A L. Reconceptualizing the determinants of risk behavior[J]. Academy of Management Review, 1992,17(1):9-38.
[39] 黄倩,谢朝武,陈岩英.客源地—目的地关系质量对游客多分类旅游意愿的影响机制研究:以大陆赴台湾潜在客源市场为例[J].人文地理,2020,35(3):140-150. [Huang Qian, Xie Chaowu, Chen Yanying. Influence mechanism of the relationship quality between source and destination on mutiple travel intention: Take the potential market of tourists from mainland to Taiwan as an example[J]. Human Geography, 2020,35(3):140-150.]
[40] Yadav R, Giri A, Alzeiby E A. Analyzing the motivators and barriers associated with buying green apparel: Digging deep into retail consumers' behavior[J]. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 2024, 81:103983. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2024.103983.
[41] Lu H H, Chen, C F, Tai Y W. Exploring the roles of vlogger characteristics and video attributes on followers' value perceptions and behavioral intention[J]. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 2024,77:103686. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2023.103686.
[42] 贾明霞,熊回香.虚拟学术社区知识交流与知识共享探究:基于整合S-O-R模型与MOA理论[J].图书馆学研究,2020(2):43-54. [Jia Mingxia, Xiong Huixiang. Research on the mechanisms of virtual academic community knowledge exchange and sharing: Based on integrated S-O-R model and MOA theory[J]. Research on Library Science, 2020(2):43-54.]
[43] He Y, Li W J, Xue J L. What and how driving consumer engagement and purchase intention in officer live streaming? A two-factor theory perspective[J]. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 2022, 56:101223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elerap.2022.101223.
[44] Chen Y, Yan X B, Fan W G, et al. The joint moderating role of trust propensity and gender on consumers' online shopping behavior[J]. Computers in Human Behavior, 2015,43:272-283.
[45] Highhouse S, Wang Y, Zhang DC. Is risk propensity unique from the big five factors of personality? A meta-analytic investigation[J]. Journal of Research in Personality, 2022,98:104206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2022.104206.
[46] Ragin C C, Sedziaka A A. QCA and Fuzzy Set Applications to Social Movement Research[M]. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2013: 46-89.
[47] 黄子璇,孔艺丹,曹雨薇,等.基于旅游质量中介变量的体育旅游中动机、期望与游客满意度关系研究[J].地域研究与开发,2018, 37(6):82-87. [Huang Zixuan, Kong Yidan, CAO Yuwei, et al. Relationship between motivations and expectation and the satisfaction of tourists for sports tourism based on tourism quality as mediator variable[J]. Areal Research and Development, 2018,37(6):82-87.]
[48] Croy W G, Moyle B D, Moyle C L J. Perceived benefits of parks: The roles of information source exposure and park use[J]. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 2020,28(11):1723-1742.
[49] Zhang D C, Highhouse S, Nye C D. Development and validation of the General Risk Propensity Scale(GRiPS) [J]. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 2019,32(2):152-167.
[50] 王佳欣.游客参与对旅行社服务质量及游客满意度的影响:以京津冀地区为例[J].地域研究与开发,2012,31(2):117-123. [Wang Jiaxin. The impact of tourist participation on service quality of travel agencies and tourist satisfaction: An empirical study in Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei province[J]. Areal Research and Development, 2012,31(2):117-123.]
[51] 程云,殷杰.新冠肺炎疫情是否激发了康养旅游意愿?一个条件过程模型的检验[J].旅游学刊,2022,37(7):119-132. [Cheng Yun, Yin Jie. Has COVID-19 increased the intention to undertake health tourism? Examination using a conditional process model[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2022,37(7):119-132.]
[52] 中国旅游研究院.中国国内旅游发展年度报告2019[M].北京:旅游教育出版社,2019:17-18. [China Tourism Academy. Annual Report of China Domestic Tourism Development 2019[M]. Beijing: Tourism Education Press, 2019:17-18.]
[53] Fornell C, Larcker D F. Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error[J]. Journal of Marketing Research, 1981,18(1):39-50.
[54] Henseler J, Ringle C M, Sarstedt M. A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling[J]. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 2015,43(1): 115-135.
[55] 王美玉,程励,刘勇,等.山在那里:山地探险者内驱力及其探险行为意向影响机制[J].旅游学刊,2024,39(2):103-120. [Wang Meiyu, Cheng Li, Liu Yong, et al. Because it's there: A complex deconstruction of the effects of the mountain explorer's drive and its intention to explore[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2024,39(2):103-120.]
[56] Greckhamer T, Furnari S, Fiss P C, et al. Studying configurations with qualitative comparative analysis: Best practices in strategy and organization research[J]. Strategic Organization, 2018,16(4):482-495.
[57] Rhys A, Beynon M J, McDermott A M. Organizational capability in the public sector: A configurational approach[J]. Journal of Public Administration Research & Theory, 2016(2):239-258.
[58] White L, Lockett A, Currie G, et al. Hybrid context, management practices and organizational performance: A configurational approach[J]. Journal of Management Studies, 2020,58(3):718-748.
PDF(2727 KB)

Accesses

Citation

Detail

Sections
Recommended

/