In recent years, Wuhan has experienced a dramatic change about relationship between citizens and land, and the timeliness and accuracy of related studies need to be improved. Based on the Chinese 6th census data in 2010, the author researches the spatial layout of population distribution, using Arcgis and SPSS and overlaying the net in both metropolitan development area and main urban area. This research discovers that the population of metropolitan development area concentrates on the main urban area within the three-ring and the intersection of Yangtze River and Han River.The paper then points out that the concentration trend of population to the main urban area is still dramatic, and there is an integration development trend of population in the west outside the main urban area, but it doesn't appear obviously suburban sprawl. In addition, through the method of cluster analysis and abnormal value analysis, and the hotspot analysis and cold spots analysis, this research finds that the population distribution of metropolitan development area sees a significant agglomeration and appears a low density cold spot belt of population, and this cold spot area is consistent with the six ecological wedge-shaped green belts which are defined by the comprehensive planning of Wuhan.