流动、旅游与后现代——一个研究视角与一种精神转向

doi:10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2017.03.019

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摘要后现代思潮作为对现代性的全面反思甚至批判，为我们理解今天的社会现实和社会生活提供了一个系统的视角。在这一背景下，人们可以开始重新思考和重构旅游的意义，并在新的后现代和后结构哲学思潮以及更广阔的流动背景下探讨旅游的新特征和旅游体验的新方向。流动作为一种批判语境，意味着对传统以稳定和界限为主体的文明形式的挑战，也在更深层意义上代表着新的社会精神内涵。随着社会流动的增加和人们意识的改变，人们将习惯一种流动的生存和生活方式，在流动中居住，在居住中流动。在此意义上，旅游的内涵或者是生活化了，又或者是生活旅游化了。文章最后从"何为旅游世界"、"旅游体验"以及"再谈游的精神"等三个方面对后现代语境下旅游发展的趋势进行了论述分析。

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关键词 ：流动, 旅游, 后现代精神, 转向

Abstract：In spite of controversy, postmodern philosophy and theory has shown itself to be the overall criticism and reflection of modernism. No matter how scholars comment on postmodernism, positive, neutral or negative, postmodern theories and discussions are connected to the fact that modern ways of life have changed and this has created a need for new general rules. Under such context, we can rethink the change of tourism and re-discuss the meaning of tourism in a broader social theoretical framework. Superflow and superfluidity has been one of the main characteristics in postmodern society and we observe that there is a "mobility turn" in social sciences research. In this paper, we therefore first examine the history of mobility, in particular the discourse about mobility under different times and social contexts. Then on the basis of analysis of the essence of what mobility mean to postmodern world, in particular the spirit of postmodernism, the paper identifies three changes in tourism today and tends to develop a new framework for tourism research: 1) the emergence of a more de-differentiated tourism world without boundary; 2) new tourists' experiences under a new space-time relationship in postmodern society; 3) rethinking the spirit of tourism and calling for a more responsible tourism under postmodern context.

Key words： mobility tourism postmodern spirituality turn

收稿日期: 2016-05-06

基金资助:

国家旅游局面上规划项目（16TAAG012）；教育部人文社科青年基金项目（16YJC63008）；国家自然科学重点基金项目（41630635）

通讯作者: 朱竑(1968—),男,甘肃临夏人,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要研究方向为文化地理与旅游地理。E-mail:zhuh@scnu.edu.cn。 E-mail: zhuh@scnu.edu.cn

作者简介: 马凌(1977—),女,湖南隆回人,博士,副研究员,主要研究方向为旅游社会学、吸引物与目的地发展、旅游体验。E-mail:maria_ma1977@126.com。

引用本文:

马凌, 孙九霞, 朱竑. 流动、旅游与后现代——一个研究视角与一种精神转向[J]. 人文地理, 2017, 32(3): 146-151. MALing, SUN Jiu-xia, ZHU Hong. MOBILITY, TOURISM AND POSTMODERNISM: A RESEARCH PERSPECTIVE AND SPIRITUALITY TURN. HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, 2017, 32(3): 146-151.

链接本文:

http://rwdl.xisu.edu.cn/CN/10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2017.03.019 或 http://rwdl.xisu.edu.cn/CN/Y2017/V32/I3/146

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[25]	Edensor T. Mundane mobilities, performances and spaces of tourism[J]. Social & Cultural Geography, 2007,8(2):199-215.
[20]	Foucault M. Discipline and Punish [M]. London: Allen Lane, 1977: 27.
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[23]	格里芬编.后现代精神[M].王成兵,译.北京:中央编译出版社,2012: 3-15,17. [Griffin D R. Spirituality and Society[M]. Wang Chengbing, trans. Beijing: Central Compilation and Translation Press, 2012:3-15,17.]
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[32]	Miles S. Consumerism: As a Way of Life[M]. London, Thousand Oaks and New Delhi: Sage, 1998:32-56.
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[42]	Bondi L, Smith M, Davidson J. Motional Geographies[M]. London: Ashgate, 2005:101-117.
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[31]	Featherstone M. Consumer Culture and Postmodernism[M]. London, Newbury Park and New Delhi: Sage, 1991:1-39.
[43]	Lyons G. Urry J. Travel time use in the information age[J]. Transport Research A: Policy and Practice, 2005,39 (2/3): 257-276.
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