基于弱势群体需求的北京服务设施可达性集成研究

许婧雪; 张文忠; 谌丽; 湛东升

doi:10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2019.02.009

PDF(5112 KB)

人文地理 ›› 2019, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (2) : 64-71. DOI: 10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2019.02.009

城市

基于弱势群体需求的北京服务设施可达性集成研究

许婧雪^1,2,3, 张文忠^1,2, 谌丽⁴, 湛东升^1,2,3

作者信息 +

RESEARCH ON THE INTEGRATION OF BEIJING SERVICE FACILITIES ACCESSIBILITY BASED ON THE NEEDS OF DISADVANTAGED GROUPS

XU Jing-xue^1,2,3, ZHANG Wen-zhong^1,2, CHEN Li⁴, ZHAN Dong-sheng^1,2,3

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

关注人群属性和需求，探讨服务设施供给的社会公平是新时代服务设施研究的重要议题，对于人口总量巨大、社会构成多元、社会空间分异凸显的大城市尤其如此。尽管研究某一弱势群体对单项服务设施需求的文献不断涌现，但是结合居民主观的服务设施需求偏好的可达性集成研究尚不多见。本文以北京作为案例城市，首先采用居民主观调查数据分析四类弱势群体对于公共服务设施的需求结构，然后基于POI数据，借助GIS分析这四类弱势群体服务设施需求偏好下的北京市公共服务设施综合可达性情况，且对综合可达性较差的区域进行了空间识别。本研究综合定性与定量方法，探讨主观与客观数据相匹配的可达性集成方法，可以为今后的相关研究提供借鉴，并能够对北京建设国际一流和谐宜居之都提供理论支撑。

Abstract

Focusing on the attributes and needs of the population and exploring the social equity in the supply of service facilities are important topics in the study of service facilities in the new era. This is especially so for large cities with huge population, diverse social structures, and highly differentiated social spaces.Although studies on the demand of a single service facility by a certain vulnerable group are emerging constantly, the research on accessibility integration combined with residents' subjective demand for service facilities is still rare.This article takes Beijing as a case city. First using subjective survey data to analyze the demand structure of four kinds of vulnerable groups for public service facilities. Then, based on the POI data, this paper analyzes the comprehensive accessibility of public service facilities in Beijing under the preference of service facilities of the four disadvantaged groups based on GIS, and identifies the areas with poor comprehensive accessibility. This study comprehensive qualitative and quantitative methods,exploring reachability integration methods that match subjective and objective data.It can provide reference for future related research and provide theoretical support for Beijing to build a world-class harmonious and livable city. Key words: service facility accessibility

导出引用

许婧雪, 张文忠, 谌丽, 湛东升. 基于弱势群体需求的北京服务设施可达性集成研究[J]. 人文地理. 2019, 34(2): 64-71 https://doi.org/10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2019.02.009

XU Jing-xue, ZHANG Wen-zhong, CHEN Li, ZHAN Dong-sheng. RESEARCH ON THE INTEGRATION OF BEIJING SERVICE FACILITIES ACCESSIBILITY BASED ON THE NEEDS OF DISADVANTAGED GROUPS[J]. HUMAN GEOGRAPHY. 2019, 34(2): 64-71 https://doi.org/10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2019.02.009

中图分类号： K901

参考文献

[1] 张文忠.城市内部居住环境评价的指标体系和方法[J].地理科学, 2007,27(1):17-23.[Zhang Wenzhong. Index system and eethod of residential environmental evaluation in inner cities[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2007,27(1):17-23.]
[2] 汪来杰.西方国家公共服务的变化:轨迹与特征[J].社会主义研究, 2007(6):89-92.[Wang Laijie. Changes of public service in western countries:Trajectory and characteristics[J]. Socialism Studies, 2007(6):89-92.]
[3] Cascetta E, Cartenì A, Montanino M. A behavioral model of accessibility based on the number of available opportunities[J]. Journal of Transport Geography, 2016,51:45-58.
[4] Witten K, Exeter D, Field A. The quality of urban environments:Mapping variation inaccess to community resources[J]. Urban Studies, 2003,40(1):161-177.
[5] Chapin F S. Human activity patterns in the city[J]. Queens Quarterly, 1974,29(December):463-469.
[6] Kain J F. Housing segregation, negro employment, and metropolitan decentralization[J]. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1968(2):175-197.
[7] Warin M, Baum F, Kalucy E, et al. The power of place:Space and time in women's and community health centres in South Australia[J]. Social Science & Medicine, 2000,50(12):1863-1875.
[8] 江海燕,周春山,高军波.西方城市公共服务空间分布的公平性研究进展[J].城市规划,2011,35(7):72-77.[Jiang Haiyan, Zhou Chunshan, Gao Junbo. Advance in the equity of spatial distribution of urban public service in western countries[J]. City Planning Review, 2011,35(7):72-77.]
[9] Wee G P V, Geurs K T. Discussing equity and social exclusion in accessibility evaluations[J]. European Journal of Transport & Infrastructure Research, 2011,11(4):350-367.
[10] 申立,张敏,张宜轩,等.全球城市视角下的公共服务设施规划及启示[J].城市建筑,2017(12):53-55.[Shen Li, Zhang Min, Zhang Yixuan, et al. Public service facilities planning and experience from the perspective of global cities[J]. Urbanism and Architecture, 2017(12):53-55.]
[11] 程顺祺,祁新华,金星星,等.国内外公共服务设施空间布局研究进展[J].热带地理,2016,36(1):122-131.[Cheng Shunqi, Qi Xinhua, Jing Xingxing, et al. Progress in domestic and foreign study on spatial layout of public service facilities[J]. Tropical Geography, 2016, 36(1):122-131.]
[12] 张敏.全球城市公共服务设施的公平供给和规划配置方法研究——以纽约、伦敦、东京为例[J].国际城市规划,2017(6):69-76.[Zhang Min. Research on equal supply and planning of global cities' public service facilities:Case studies on New York, London, Tokyo[J]. Urban Planning International, 2017(6):69-76.]
[13] 樊立惠,蔺雪芹,王岱.北京市公共服务设施供需协调发展的时空演化特征——以教育医疗设施为例[J].人文地理,2015,30(1):90-97.[Fan Lihui, Lin Xueqin, Wang Dai. Spatial-temporal succession characteristics of public service facilities supply and demand coordinated devel opmentin Beijing:A case study of educational and medical facilities[J]. Human Geography, 2015,30(1):90-97.]
[14] 吕斌,张纯,陈天鸣.城市低收入群体的就业可达性变化研究——以北京为例[J]. 城市规划, 2013,37(1):56-63.[Lv Bin, Zhang Chun, Chen Tianming. Study on Changes in job accessibility for the urban low-income:A case study of Beijing[J]. City Planning Review, 2013,37(1):56-63.]
[15] 颜秉秋,高晓路,马妍,等.基于MAS技术的城市养老机构布局决策支持[J]. 清华大学学报(自然科学版),2014(7):973-982.[Yan Bingqiu, Gao Xiaolu, Ma Yan, et al. Urban senior service facility layout decision support based on MAS[J]. Journal of Tsinghua University (Science and Technology), 2014(7):973-982.]
[16] 高晓路.城市居民对养老机构的偏好特征及社区差异[J].中国软科学,2013(1):103-114.[Gao Xiaolu. Preference of the urban elderly for caring facilities:Variation across different communities[J]. China Soft Science, 2013(1):103-114.]
[17] 颜秉秋,高晓路,季珏.城市养老设施配置的微观模拟与规划政策分析——以北京市为例[J].地理科学进展,2015,34(12):1586-1597.[Yan Bingqiu, Gao Xiaolu, Ji Yu. Micro simulation and planning policies analysis for urban elderly care facilities:Take Beijing as an example[J]. Progress in Geography, 2015,34(12):1586-1597.]
[18] 姜佳丽,殷洁,罗小龙,等.基于特大城市外来务工人员需求的基本公共服务供给研究——基于南京市中和桥社区的调研[J].现代城市研究,2015(9):75-80.[Jiang Jiali, Ying Jie, Luo Xiaolong, et al. Basic public service supply based on migrant workers' demands in the megalopolis:A study based on the investigation of Nanjing Zhongheqiao community[J]. Modern Urban Research, 2015(9):75-80.]
[19] 田莉,王博祎,欧阳伟,等.外来与本地社区公共服务设施供应的比较研究——基于空间剥夺的视角[J].城市规划,2017,41(3):77-83.[Tian Li, Wang Boyi, Ouyang Wei, et al. A comparative study on urban public service facilities supply between local and migrant communities:A perspective of spatial deprivation[J]. City Planning Review, 2017,41(3):77-83.]
[20] 曾文,向梨丽,张小林.南京市社区服务设施可达性的空间格局与低收入社区空间剥夺研究[J].人文地理,2017,32(1):73-81.[Zeng Wen, Xiang lili, Zhang Xiaolin. Research in spatial pattern of accessibility to community service facilities and spatial deprivation of low income community in Nanjing[J]. Human Geography, 2017,32(1):73-81.]
[21] 宋正娜,陈雯,张桂香,等.公共服务设施空间可达性及其度量方法[J].地理科学进展,2010,29(10):1217-1224.[Song Zhengna, Chen Wen, Zhang Guixiang, et al. Spatial accessibility to public service facilities and its measurement approaches[J]. Progress in Geography, 2010,29(10):1217-1224.]
[22] 王松涛,郑思齐,冯杰.公共服务设施可达性及其对新建住房价格的影响——以北京中心城为例[J].地理科学进展,2007,26(6):78-85.[Wang Songtao, Zheng Siqi, Feng Jie. Spatial accessibility of housing to public services and its impact on housing price:A case study of Beijing's inner city[J]. Progress in Geography, 2007,26(6):78-85.]
[23] Martin J C, Reggiani A. Recent methodological developments to measure spatial interaction:Synthetic accessibility indices applied to high-speed train investments[J]. Transport Reviews, 2007,27(5):551-571.
[24] 刘钊,郭苏强,金慧华,等.基于GIS的两步移动搜寻法在北京市就医空间可达性评价中的应用[J].测绘科学,2007,32(1):61-63.[Liu Zhao, Guo Suqiang, Jing Huihua, et al. Application of the GISbased two-step floating catchment area method in measurement of spatial accessibility to hospitals in Beijing[J]. Science of Surveying and Mapping, 2007,32(1):61-63.]
[25] 张纯,柴彦威.北京城市老年人社区满意度研究——基于模糊评价法的分析[J].人文地理,2013,28(4):47-52.[Zhang Chun, Chai Yanwei. Study on neighborhood satisfaction of the urban elderly in Beijing:An approach from fuzzy evaluation[J]. Human Geography, 2013,28(4):47-52.]