1. Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China;
2. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China;
3. Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China;
4. CAS Research Center on Fictitious Economy & Data Science, Beijing 100190, China
Abstract：Based on three large-scale surveys in 2005, 2009 and 2013, respectively, this paper sets up a subjective evaluation indicator system on livable Beijing which includes six main elements, living convenience, safety, nature environment amenity, human environment amenity, traffic and health, which can be further deconstructed into 32 sub-indicators (34 in 2013), then analyzes the change of evaluation on living environment in Beijing from 2005 to 2013. We focus on the changes of subjective evaluation and difference of residents' subjective feeling between urban sub-districts and between various groups. Our main conclusions are as follows:(1) Residents' subjective evaluation on living environment increased from 2005 to 2009, which can be explained by the Olympic Games in 2008, then decreased from 2009 to 2013. (2) Comparing the six elements, residents are more satisfied with living convenience, and increasingly satisfied with amenity. However, residents' evaluation on health has been falling during our research period, especially the evaluation on automobile exhaust and PM2.5 pollution. (3) The evaluation on central urban area is higher than large-scale residential area in suburb, here the main reason is that the public facilities, especially primary school, hospital and shopping mall, are more complete in central area than in suburb. (4) During the last ten years, the evaluation on children and senior people entertainment facility has always been very low, which reflects the shortage of the two kinds of facilities did not get attention from government. (5) Young group, high-income group, high-educated group, commercial housing residents and local residents are more satisfied with living environment in Beijing, in opposite, old group, low-income group, low-educated group, affordable and unit housing residents are not satisfied.
