中国数据中心的空间布局演化及影响因素

doi:10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2025.02.012

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摘要数据中心是数字经济的基础底座，探析我国数据中心空间布局演化及其影响因素，对促进绿色、集约、均衡、互联的全国一体化数据中心体系建设，支撑数字经济发展具有重要意义。基于2016—2022年中国数据中心数据，采用最邻近指数、不均衡指数、核密度分析等方法探究数据中心空间布局演化特征，采用负二项回归模型进一步探究数据中心空间布局的影响因素。结果表明：①数据中心空间布局的层级效应显著，从初始的“东部＞中部＞西部”梯度格局演变为“东部＞西部＞中部”的新格局，且正逐步向绿色、集约、均衡、互联的全国一体化数据中心体系推进；②数据中心集聚特征及区域非均衡特征明显，呈“东密西疏”且以京津冀、长三角、珠三角为核心的集聚分布格局；③数据中心空间布局受到成本控制、政策环境和市场需求等因素的共同影响，东部地区呈现“市场需求—成本控制”的驱动模式，中部地区呈“成本控制—市场需求”驱动模式，西部地区呈“政策环境—成本控制”驱动模式。

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	王蕾
	陈冬林
	王建成
	付敏

关键词 ：数据中心, 空间布局, 影响因素, 数字经济

Abstract：Exploring the evolution and influencing factors of the spatial distribution of data centers in China is of great significance for promoting the construction of a green, intensive, balanced, and interconnected nationwide integrated data center system, thereby supporting the development of the digital economy. The study, based on the data from Chinese data centers from 2016 to 2022, employs methods such as the nearest neighbor index, imbalance index, and kernel density analysis to elucidate the evolutionary characteristics of the spatial distribution of data centers. Additionally, it utilizes a negative binomial regression model to further investigate the factors influencing the spatial distribution of data centers. The results show that: 1) The spatial distribution of data centers exhibits a significant hierarchical effect, evolving from the initial "east > central > west" gradient pattern to a new pattern of "east > west > central," and it is gradually progressing towards a national integrated data center system characterized by green, intensive, balanced, and interconnected features. 2) The agglomeration and regional disequilibrium characteristics of data centers are evident, showing a pattern of "dense east and sparse west" with the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, and Pearl River Delta regions as the core clusters. 3) Multiple factors, including cost control, policy environment, and market demand jointly influence the spatial distribution of data centers.

Key words： data centers spatial distribution influencing factors digital economy

收稿日期: 2024-05-07

PACS:	F49
	F124

基金资助:国家自然科学基金青年项目（72204193）

通讯作者: 陈冬林(1970—),男,湖北安陆,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要研究方向为云计算与数字经济。E-mail:chendl@whut.edu.cn。 E-mail: chendl@whut.edu.cn。

作者简介: 王蕾（1997—），女，湖南益阳，博士生，主要研究方向为数字经济与数字基础设施。E-mail:18773226889@163.com。

引用本文:

王蕾, 陈冬林, 王建成, 付敏. 中国数据中心的空间布局演化及影响因素[J]. 人文地理, 2025, 40(2): 116-127. WANG Lei, CHEN Dong-lin, WANG Jian-cheng, FU Min. SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION EVOLUTION AND INFLUENCING FACTORS OF DATA CENTERS IN CHINA. HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, 2025, 40(2): 116-127.

链接本文:

http://rwdl.xisu.edu.cn/CN/10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2025.02.012 或 http://rwdl.xisu.edu.cn/CN/Y2025/V40/I2/116

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